Anti-PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell: Characterization and functional analysis.

Like their natural counterparts, chimeric antigen receptor-engineered cells are prone to suppression by inhibitory signals, such as PD-L1, expressed by tumors or suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Consequently, they become impaired, resulting in immune cell exhaustion, tumor progression, and resistance to other therapies. In this study, we developed an anti-PD-L1-CAR NK cell with efficient activity and a notable PD-L1-specific response toward tumor cell lines.

Unwrapping the immunological alterations in testicular germ cell tumors: From immune homeostasis to malignancy and emerging immunotherapies.

Background: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), derived from primordial germ cells, are rare malignancies with high curative potential. However, the emergence of new evidence indicating that 15% of patients experience tumor progression, leading to death, underscores the need for innovative therapeutics.

Objectives: This review aimed to explore the immune status in maintaining testicular health and the immune-related aspects of malignancy.

Investigation of gene variants in patients with endometrial cancer: A case-control study.

Objective: To assess the possible association of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), PD-1.3 (+7146G/A) and PD-1.5 (+7785C/T), with endometrial cancer (EC) susceptibility.

Natural killer cell subsets and their functional molecules in peripheral blood of the patients with breast cancer.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells, CD3 lymphocytes, are critical players in cancer immune surveillance. This study aimed to assess two types of CD3 NK cell classifications (subsets), that is, convectional subsets (based on CD56 and CD16 expression) and new subsets (based on CD56, CD27, and CD11b expression), and their functional molecules in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer (BC) in comparison with healthy donors (HDs).

Methods: Thirty untreated females with BC and 20 age-matched healthy women were enrolled.

Promising anticancer activity of cromolyn in colon cancer: in vitro and in vivo analysis.

Purpose: Colon cancer is a prevalent cancer globally, representing approximately 10% of all cancer cases and accounting for 10% of all cancer-related deaths. Therefore, finding new therapeutic methods with high efficiency will be very valuable. Cromolyn (C), a common anti-allergic and mast cell membrane stabilizing drug, has recently shown valuable anti-cancer effects in several studies.

Frequent expression of CD45RO memory T cell marker as well as low to high expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitory molecules in seminoma and dysgerminoma.

Background: Seminoma and dysgerminoma are rare testicular and ovarian germ cell tumors characterized by a significant infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. According to the failure of conventional treatments in some patients, it is crucial to identify novel prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for these patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of CD45RO and PD-1/PD-L1 and investigate their association with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients.

Harnessing the Power of CAR-NK Cells: A Promising Off-the-Shelf Therapeutic Strategy for CD38-Positive Malignancies.

Background: CD38 is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells and has been successfully targeted by different target therapy methods. This molecule is a critical prognostic marker in both diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Objective: We have designed and generated an anti-CD38 CAR-NK cell applying NK 92 cell line.

In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of mebendazole in colon cancer: a promising drug repositioning.

Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers and one of the main causes of death worldwide. Therefore, new treatment methods with better efficiency and fewer risks are very necessary. Mebendazole (MBZ), a drug commonly used for helminthic infections, has recently received attention as a suitable candidate for the treatment of various cancers.

Reference Ranges of Lymphocyte Subsets in Healthy Individuals from Southern Iran.

Background: Lymphocyte immune-phenotyping is considered as a useful tool in diagnosis and monitoring different medical conditions. This study aimed to establish a reference value of different lymphocyte subsets in healthy individuals from southern Iran.

Methods: Flow cytometric method was used to determine the frequency of T cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, activated T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and B cells in peripheral blood of 86 healthy subjects from southern Iran.

IFNγ-IL-17-IL-22+CD4+ subset and IL-22-producing cells in tumor draining lymph nodes of patients with breast cancer.

Background: A recently introduced CD4+ T subset that mainly secretes interleukin (IL-) 22 has been reported to be associated with a variety of tumors, including colon, gastric, hepatocellular, and small- and large-cell lung carcinoma. Both tumor-promoting and - suppressing roles have been suggested for these cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of IL-22-producing subsets in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) of the patients with breast cancer and determine their association with the clinicopathological characterizations of the disease.

Simultaneous Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in Peripheral and Central Immune Cells and Tumor Cells in the Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors Microenvironment.

Background: To investigate the differential expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in salivary gland tumors (SGTs, malignant and benign subtypes) and determine their association with the clinicopathological characterization of the patients.

Methods: The immunohistochemistry was used to examine PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in specimens from 83 patients with primary SGTs including salivary ductal carcinoma (SDC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), acinic cell carcinoma (ACC), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), warthin's tumors (WT), poleomorphic adenoma (PA) and other subtypes.

Results: The expression of PD-1 in peripheral and central immune cells (ICs) of MEC, and peripheral ICs of ACC was significantly higher than those with AdCC (P = 0.

Proteomics Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Cells Obtained from Tumor Microenvironment of Patients with Malignant and Benign Salivary Gland Tumors.

Objective: Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) show some aggressive and peculiar clinicopathological behaviors that might be related to the components of the tumor microenvironment, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-associated proteins. However, the role of MSCs-related proteins in SGTs tumorigenesis is poorly understood. This study aimed to isolate and characterize MSCs from malignant and benign tumor tissues and to identify differentially expressed proteins between these two types of MSCs.

Two new cytotoxic ursane triterpenoids from the aerial parts of Salvia urmiensis Bunge.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of a dichloromethane extract of the aerial parts of Salvia urmiensis, an endemic plant species of Iran, led to the isolation of two new cytotoxic ursane triterpenoids, Salvurmin A and Salvurmin B. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR and UV analysis. Cytotoxicity of the above-mentioned compounds were evaluated against two human cancerous cell lines (SW1116, MCF-7).

Effects of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) silencing on immunomodulatory function and cancer-promoting characteristic of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs).

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) catabolizes tryptophan, mediates immunomodulatory functions, and is released by stromal cells such as mesenchymal stem cells. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of IDO silencing on immunosuppressive function of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), T cells phenotype, and the proliferation/migration of tumor cells. ASCs isolated from adipose tissues of healthy women were transfected with IDO-siRNA.

Specific Targeting of Recombinant Human Pancreatic Ribonuclease 1 using Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Targeting Peptide toward Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor-Positive Cancer Cells.

Background: Targeted drug delivery is a novel method to specifically deliver anticancer therapeutics to tumor sites. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide, and its target binding property has attracted attention as a means of targeted drug delivery. Human pancreatic ribonuclease 1 (hpRNase1) has been shown to exert anticancer properties, when fused to a targeting moiety.

Tumor infiltrating NK cell (TINK) subsets and functional molecules in patients with breast cancer.

Introduction: NK cells have been introduced as the main innate arm of immunity against malignancies. Recent advances introduced new subsets of, and new effector molecules on NK cells suggesting new paradigms for NK cell functions in tumor immunity. Considering these new paradigms, in the current research we investigated the frequency of tumor infiltrating NK cell (TINK) subsets and their functional molecules in breast tumor tissues by flowcytometry method.

Autologous Natural Killer Cell-enrichment for Immune Cell Therapy: Preclinical Setting Phase, Shiraz Experience.

Natural killer (NK) cell therapy has proven to be a promising approach for the treatment of malignancies. Osaki method for ex-vivo autologous NK cell expansion has been recently introduced in Japan. To start clinical trial phase I at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with the Japanese group, this preclinical setting study aimed to evaluate the proliferative efficacy of the method, the activation status of expanded autologous NK cells, and the likely unwanted contamination of the final cell product.

Investigation of olfactory receptor family 51 subfamily j member 1 (OR51J1) gene susceptibility as a potential breast cancer-associated biomarker.

Among cancer treatment methods, targeted therapy using cancer-associated biomarkers has minimum side effects. Recently olfactory receptor (OR) family attracts the researcher's attention as a favorable biomarker of cancer. Here, a statistical approach using complete data from the human protein atlas database was used to evaluate the potential of OR51J1 gene as a cancer-associated biomarker.

Production and Immunological Evaluation of Epitope-based Preventative Pneumococcal Candidate Vaccine Comprising Immunodominant Epitopes from PspA, CbpA, PhtD and PiuA Antigens.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of pneumonia, mostly in children less than five years and elderly people. Although the Pneumoniae Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV) and Pneumonia Conjugate Vaccines (PCV) are the efficient pneumococcal vaccine in adults and children, the serotype replacement of S. pneumoniae strains causes the reduction in the efficacy of PPV and PCV vaccines.

Prognostic significance of CD4-positive regulatory T cells in tumor draining lymph nodes from patients with bladder cancer.

Introduction And Methods: To clarify the role of CD4 regulatory T cells in bladder cancer, we investigated the frequency of these cells in tumor draining lymph nodes of 50 patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy using flow cytometry method. We also assessed their association with prognosis and survival.

Results: On average, 30.

Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase: A Professional Immunomodulator and Its Potential Functions in Immune Related Diseases.

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) as an intracellular cytosolic enzyme converts tryptophan (Trp) to -formyl kynurenine which leads to proinflammatory T-cell apoptosis and prevention of immune cells maturation via decreasing the level of cellular energy. Trp catabolism products such as kynurenine increase the recruitment of regulatory T cells and induce immune tolerance in dendritic cells. IDO expression can locally suppress immunity in the tumor microenvironment and tumor progression actively recruits IDO expressing cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes.

NADPH oxidase 5 activation; a novel approach to human sperm cryoinjury.

Sperm cryopreservation leads to various structural and functional damages, some of which induce by oxidative stress. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generates by mitochondria and membrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs). Among the NOXs, only NOX5 has been identified in the cell membrane of human sperm.