NLRs and inflammasome signaling in opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance.

We investigated the role that innate immunological signaling pathways, principally nod-like receptors (NLRs) and inflammasomes, in the manifestation of the contradictory outcomes associated with opioids, namely hyperalgesia, and tolerance. The utilization of opioids for pain management is prevalent; nonetheless, it frequently leads to an increased sensitivity to pain (hyperalgesia) and reduced efficacy of the medication (tolerance) over an extended period. This, therefore, represents a major challenge in the area of chronic pain treatment.

Evaluation of Expression Level of miR-3135b-5p in Blood Samples of Breast Cancer Patients Experiencing Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity.

Unlabelled: The efficacy of chemotherapeutics in the treatment of breast cancer is limited by cardiotoxicity, which could lead to irreversible heart failure. The evaluation of miRNA levels as a vital biomarker could predict cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy. According to our previous meta-analysis study on patients with heart failure, we found that miR-3135b had a significant increase in patients with heart failure.

Effects of Methadone on the Toll-like Receptor 4 Expression in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A549 Cell Line Using and Techniques.

Background: In this study, the effects of methadone and naloxone on the expression of toll-like receptor 4 () gene have been evaluated in human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cell line migration using and techniques.

Materials And Methods: Lung cancer A549 cell cultures were stimulated for 24 h with methadone (5, 10, and 20 μM) and naloxone (20 and 40 μM) concentrations. The level of expression was determined by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Multiscale modeling of collective cell migration elucidates the mechanism underlying tumor-stromal interactions in different spatiotemporal scales.

Metastasis is the pathogenic spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to a secondary site which happens at the late stages of cancer. It is caused by a variety of biological, chemical, and physical processes, such as molecular interactions, intercellular communications, and tissue-level activities. Complex interactions of cancer cells with their microenvironment components such as cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) cause them to adopt an invasive phenotype that promotes tumor growth and migration.

The potential interplay between opioid and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4).

Context: Opioids are available for the management of severe and chronic pain. However, long-term use of high-dose opioids could lead to physiologic tolerance, hyperalgesia, gastrointestinal immobility, addiction, respiratory depression, tumor progression, and inhibition of the immune system. It seems some of these adverse effects of opioids might be induced by TLR-4 signaling.

Exosomes and COVID-19: challenges and opportunities.

Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19, starting from Wuhan, China, in December 2019, is a pandemic situation affecting millions worldwide and has exerted a huge burden on healthcare infrastructure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and design novel effective therapeutic strategies for combating this pandemic. In this regard, special attention has been paid to the exosomes.

Human adipose derived stem cell exosomes enhance the neural differentiation of PC12 cells.

Human adipose stem cells (hADSCs) are proper cell sources for tissue regeneration. They mainly mediate their therapeutic effects through paracrine factors as exosomes. The exosomes contents are protein, lipid and RNA.

Comparison of Expression Levels of miR-29b-3p and miR-326 in T Helper-1 and T Helper-17 Cells Isolated from Responsive and Non-responsive Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Interferon-beta.

T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 Cells with distinct cytokine profiles including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) have a pivotal role in neuroinflammation and myelin destruction in the central nervous system (CNS) in MS. MicroRNA-29b (MiR-29b) and miR-326 contribute to regulating Th1 and Th17 differentiation and altered expression of the miRNAs could be associated with response to treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the percentage of Th1 and Th17 and determining the expression levels of miR-29b-3p and miR-326 in these lymphocyte subpopulations between responsive and non-responsive to interferon beta (IFN-β) therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients.

A meta-analysis of microRNA expression profiling studies in heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) is a major consequence of many cardiovascular diseases with high rate of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and prevention are hampered by the lack of informative biomarkers. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the miRNA expression profiling studies in HF to identify novel candidate biomarkers or/and therapeutic targets.

Evaluation of Radiation and Ammonium Lactate Effects on Hyaluronic Acid Expression as a Pro-cancerous Factor in Supernatant and Exosome Isolated from Supernatant of Primary Mouse Fibroblast Cell Culture.

Background: Previous studies show that aberrant synthesis of Hyaluronan accelerates tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The fibroblasts are probably responsible for most of the hyaluronic acid (HA) accumulation in tumor microenvironment after radiotherapy. Our goal is to investigate and compare radiation and lactate effects on HA levels in supernatant and exosome isolated from supernatant of primary mouse fibroblast cell culture.

Effect of Plasma-Derived Exosomes of Refractory/Relapsed or Responsive Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma on Natural Killer Cells Functions.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of plasma-derived exosomes of refractory/relapsed or responsive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients on natural killer (NK) cell functions.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional and experimental study, NK cells were purified from responsive patients (n=10) or refractory/relapsed patients (n=12) and healthy donors (n=12). NK cells were treated with plasma-derived exosomes of responsive or refractory/relapsed patients.

The expression level of hsa-miR-146a-5p in plasma-derived exosomes of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Background: The standard treatment for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) had been rituximab-based immunochemotherapy. However, the biological and clinical heterogeneity within DLBCL seems to affect treatment outcome. Therefore, the evaluation of miRNA levels might be useful in predicting treatment response and relapse risk.

Evaluation of exosomal miR-155, let-7g and let-7i levels as a potential noninvasive biomarker among refractory/relapsed patients, responsive patients and patients receiving R-CHOP.

This study aimed to investigate and compare exosomal miR-155, let-7g and let-7i levels as a noninvasive biomarker among patients with refractory/relapsed or responsive DLBCL after R-CHOP treatment and patients receiving R-CHOP. Plasma was collected and exosomes were isolated from plasma. Exosomes confirmed by zeta-seizer, electron microscope, and western blot.

Antibodies to interferon beta in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving CinnoVex, rebif, and betaferon.

Treatment with interferon beta (IFN-β) induces the production of binding antibodies (BAbs) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). NAbs against IFN-β are associated with a loss of IFN-β bioactivity and decreased clinical efficacy of the drug. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and the prevalence of binding antibodies (BAbs) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to IFN-β in MS patients receiving CinnoVex, Rebif, or Betaferon.