A Meta-Analysis of Neurodevelopmental Outcomes following Intravitreal Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the most common cause of preventable blindness in preterm infants. First-line treatments include intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) or laser photocoagulation (LPC).

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate neurodevelopmental safety of IVB compared to LPC for ROP.

Canadian Rheumatology Association Recommendations for the Screening, Monitoring, and Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis.

Objective: To develop Canadian recommendations for the screening, monitoring, and treatment of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods: Recommendations were developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-ADOLOPMENT approach. A working group of 14 pediatric rheumatologists, 6 ophthalmologists, 2 methodologists, and 3 caregiver/patient representatives reviewed recent American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/Arthritis Foundation (AF) recommendations and worked in pairs to develop evidence-to-decision (EtD) tables.

Long-term outcomes of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity following monotherapy with bevacizumab: a Canadian experience.

Objective: To report long-term structural, visual, and refractive outcomes after monotherapy with intravitreal bevacizumab injection.

Design: Cohort retrospective chart review.

Participants: A total of 56 premature infants with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity.

Demographic Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies.

Introduction: Current national guidelines use gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) as their basis for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening. The strength of association of these and other demographic risk factors is inconsistent across studies. This review aims to evaluate the strength of association of documented risk factors for ROP in large sample, population-based studies.

Optic disk anatomical features of children with central retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To report a case series of children with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) showing a high prevalence of crowded optic disks with minimal cupping.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children diagnosed with CRVO from 2008 to 2019 at a single tertiary care pediatric hospital. Clinical records, fundus photographs, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were reviewed.

Intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injection versus laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity: A meta-analysis of 3,701 eyes.

We investigate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection (IVI) of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents and laser photocoagulation (LPC) for retinopathy of prematurity. We performed a systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL (2005-2019). Comparative studies reporting on ocular efficacy and/or safety outcomes after IVIs and LPC for retinopathy of prematurity were included.

Binocularity outcomes following treatment for retinopathy of prematurity.

Objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood visual impairment. Treatment options for severe ROP include laser and/or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections. Previous studies have compared the 2 treatments for functional outcomes including visual acuity, amblyopia, and strabismus.

Corneal endothelium in paediatric patients with uveitis: a prospective longitudinal study.

Purpose: To study the longitudinal effect of anterior chamber inflammation on the corneal endothelium in children.

Methods: In this prospective longitudinal observational study, children (aged <18 years) with anterior chamber inflammation and those at risk of developing uveitis due to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) were included. Changes in central endothelial cell density (ECD) and morphological variables were determined by non-contact specular microscopy, and their correlations with uveitis activity and surgical interventions were analysed.

Outcomes and complications of immediate versus delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery in children.

Purpose: To present the largest series to date comparing outcomes and complications of immediate versus delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS vs DSBCS) in children at a single center over a 10-year period.

Methods: The medical records of children <2 years of age who underwent ISBCS and DSBCS were reviewed retrospectively. Data was collected on outcomes and complications (ophthalmological and anesthesia-related) up to 8 weeks postoperatively.

Safety of intracameral moxifloxacin in the pediatric population: an equivalence study.

Purpose: To investigate whether the safety of intracameral moxifloxacin (IC-Mox) was equivalent to subconjunctival antibiotics (SC-Abs) in pediatric lens surgery.

Setting: The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.

Design: Retrospective consecutive cohort study.

Earlier use of systemic immunosuppression is associated with fewer ophthalmic surgeries in paediatric non-infectious uveitis.

Background/aims: There is a paucity of large trials investigating the effect of management strategies for paediatric non-infectious uveitis on complications requiring surgery. The purpose of our study is to investigate whether earlier initiation of systemic immunosuppression in paediatric non-infectious uveitis is associated with fewer ophthalmic surgeries.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 48 children with non-infectious uveitis assessed in 1998-2013.

Video interpretation and diagnosis of pediatric amblyopia and eye disease.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the potential of using video screening to interpret the results of paediatric eye examinations.

Design: Prospective multi-centred, blinded study.

Methods: Children aged 5 months to 11 years referred to a paediatric ophthalmology centre were enrolled in the study.

Neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants treated with intravitreal bevacizumab versus laser.

Objective: To compare neurodevelopmental and visual outcomes in preterm infants treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) to laser ablation at 18-24 months corrected age.

Study Design: A retrospective study was performed. The primary outcome was neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI).

Central Corneal Thickness in Childhood Cataract.

Purpose: We explored elevated central corneal thickness (CCT) in children with cataracts as possibly reflecting preexisting corneal malformation related to specific cataract morphology.

Methods: All children consecutively seen during the study periods who had cataracts and corneal pachymetry as part of their routine care were enrolled at academic centers in large cities of Canada and the United States. Study data collected included age, sex, CCT, and cataract morphology.

Identifying the ophthalmic needs of families living in Toronto shelters.

Objective: To assess the ophthalmic needs of families with children residing in Toronto shelters.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Forty-nine families, including 86 children (age 0-16 years) and 55 adult and youth family members (AYFM) (age >16 years), randomly selected from 5 family shelters in Toronto, Ont.

Cost analysis of remote telemedicine screening for retinopathy of prematurity.

Objective: To compare costs of 2 screening modalities for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP): telemedicine imaging with remote interpretation versus in-person binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO).

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Participants: Infants from an existing telemedicine screening program at 2 cities in Ontario, Canada.

Transient lens vacuoles in premature infants.

We report 6 cases of bilateral vacuolar lens opacities in premature infants. These uncommon opacities were multiple, located peripherally in the lens, and unrelated to the severity of retinopathy. The vacuoles were transient in nature, did not interfere with ROP examination, and were not adversely affected by antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment.

Retinal astrocytoma regression in tuberous sclerosis patients treated with everolimus.

Everolimus is an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Retinal hamartomas, which are one of the major diagnostic features of TSC, tend to remain stable or gradually progress in the natural history of the disease. We report 2 patients with TSC treated with everolimus for SEGA in whom fundus photographs and spectral domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated regression of previously documented multiple retinal hamartomas in all 4 eyes.

Macular morphology following unilateral bevacizumab injection for retinopathy of prematurity: an OCT study.

This retrospective case series assessed the influence of unilateral intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for unilateral type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on macular thickness and foveal development. Seven infants with unilateral type 1 ROP were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab 0.625 mg/0.

A curious case of growth failure and hypercalcemia: Answers.

Background: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that rarely presents in childhood. Here, we report a case of pediatric sarcoidosis, presenting with renal failure and hypercalcemia.

Case Diagnosis/treatment: A previously well 14-year-old Caucasian boy was admitted to the Hospital for Sick Children, Canada, for hypertension and renal failure following work-up by his family physician for initial concerns of growth failure.