Revisiting the Management of Pediatric Kidney Transplants, A Multicenter Analysis.

The newest Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline recommendations were investigated mainly for the care of adult kidney transplant recipients, but no guideline exists for the management of pediatric transplant recipients. This review provides update recommendations in the management of pediatric kidney transplantation. Four electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched systematically for the last two decades, using Mesh terms in English language.

Echocardiographic Indices in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) may accompany chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting in additional complications and increased death rate. This study was performed to evaluate cardiac structure and function and several risk factors in hospitalized CKD children.

Methods: Seventy-four children with CKD were enrolled in this cross-sectional descriptive study.

Variation of the clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype associations in Coenzyme Q10 deficiency associated glomerulopathy.

Primary Coenzyme Q10 deficiency is a rare mitochondriopathy with a wide spectrum of organ involvement, including steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome mainly associated with disease-causing variants in the genes COQ2, COQ6 or COQ8B. We performed a systematic literature review, PodoNet, mitoNET, and CCGKDD registries queries and an online survey, collecting comprehensive clinical and genetic data of 251 patients spanning 173 published (47 updated) and 78 new cases. Kidney disease was first diagnosed at median age 1.

Thyroid Dysfunction in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Attending a Paediatric Hospital in Qazvin, Iran.

Objectives: Nephrotic syndrome is a glomerular disease characterised by a loss of albumin and high-molecular-weight proteins such as thyroxine-binding globulin and thyroid hormones, potentially resulting in subclinical or even overt hypothyroidism. This study aimed to compare thyroid hormone levels between nephrotic children and healthy controls as well as between nephrotic children in the active phase of the disease and those in remission.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted between March 2016 and 2018 at a paediatric hospital in Qazvin, Iran.

Comparison Between eGFR by Schwartz Formula with Measured GFR by Radionuclide Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid Scan (Tc99 DTPA scan), in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy with Nephrotoxic Drugs.

Introduction: Children with malignancy who are under treatment with nephrotoxic drugs are at risk of renal dysfunction. Due to increased life expectancy, evaluation of drug toxicity is now of higher importance than before. The aim of this study is to compare two methods of GFR measurement.

Urinary System and Renal Involvement in Children With Cystic Fibrosis.

Introduction: A few data on the prevalence of renal involvement in cystic fibrosis and its spectrum in childhood is available. In the present study, we conducted a prospective study on children who had cystic fibrosis and evaluated their renal involvement. In fact, the aim of the study was to provide data on the clinical consequences of proper identification of kidney disease in a group of children with cystic fibrosis.

Vitamin D deficiency and its impact on asthma severity in asthmatic children.

Background: Despite obtaining evidences on association between vitamin D and development of lung in fetus, little is known about vitamin D level and its impact on severity of asthma in children. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the asthma severity and vitamin D deficiency in asthmatic children.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 106 individuals including asthmatic (n = 53) and healthy children (n = 53) who referred to Mofid hospital in Tehran in 2013.

Serum and Urine Leptin Concentrations in Children Before and After Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) among children is sometimes associated with anorexia and sometimes failure to thrive. Appetite-regulating hormones may be a causative factor. Leptin regulates appetite, food intake, and body weight via hypothalamic melanocortin-4 receptor.

Effects of interleukin 2 receptor blockers on patient and graft survival in renal-transplanted children.

Background: Monoclonal antibodies block interleukin-2 receptors on alloantigen-reactive T-Lymphocytes and induce selective immunosuppression. It is postulated that induction therapy with these agents in pediatric transplantation may decrease acute rejection and improve graft survival with no significant side effect or increase in the incidence of viral infections.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of interleukin 2 receptor blockers on patient and graft survival in renal-transplanted children.

The value of direct radionuclide cystography in the detection of vesicoureteral reflux in children with normal voiding cystourethrography.

Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most important risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI). Diagnosis and treatment of VUR is important to prevent irreversible complications, such as renal scarring and chronic renal failure. This study was conducted to assess the value of direct radionuclide cystography (DRNC) in the detection of VUR in children with UTI and a normal voiding cystourethrography (VCUG).

Tuberous sclerosis presenting with acute kidney failure, pyelonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystemic inherited autosomal dominant disease characterized by the development of hamartomas in the brain and kidneys. In about 2% of patients, polycystic kidney disease is present, which may result in different stages of renal insufficiency. Acute kidney failure has not been reported in infants with TSC.

Diagnostic accuracy of renal pelvic dilatation in determining outcome of congenital hydronephrosis.

Introductions: The widespread use of prenatal ultrasonography results in increased recognition of congenital hydronephrosis, a therapeutic and diagnostic challenge. This study was conducted to investigate the natural course of prenatal hydronephrosis and the accuracy of postnatal APD in determining the outcome.

Materials And Methods: All newborns with prenatal hydronephrosis were followed up by ultrasonography after birth.

Urinary adrenomedullin level in children with acute pyelonephritis before and after treatment.

Introduction: Adrenomedullin (AM) is a 52-amino acid peptide that causes vasodilatation by increased synthesis of nitric oxide. Its production by different cells such as cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle, endothelial, and oncogenic cells is stimulated by inflammatory processes. It has been shown that in the presence of inflammation in the urinary system, concentration of AM increases.

Protective effect of heparin and aspirin against vascular thrombosis in pediatric kidney transplants.

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate preventive effect of a combination of heparin and aspirin on vascular thrombosis and kidney transplant outcomes of pediatric kidney transplant recipients.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four pediatric kidney transplant recipients received heparin, 50 U/kg, every 8 hours for 7 postoperative days, and aspirin, 5 mg/kg, thrice a week from day 3 of transplantation for 3 months. These patients were compared with a matched group of pediatric kidney allograft recipients in terms of development of thrombosis and serum creatinine level at 1 year postoperation.

Distal renal tubular acidosis and its relationship with hearing loss in children: preliminary report.

Introduction: In autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (DRTA), a substantial fraction of the patients have progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. This coexistence is due to the mutations of a gene expressed both in the kidney and in the cochlea. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between hearing loss and DRTA.