Long-term numerical modeling of nitrate leaching into groundwater under surface drip irrigation of corn.

Proper management of fertigation is necessary to deal with the harmful impacts of fertilizers. This research aimed to investigate the nitrate leaching rate into groundwater in different fertigation management under the climate change impact in drip irrigation of corn. For this purpose, HYDRUS-2D was calibrated by performing field experiments.

An analysis of optimal fertigation implications in different soils on reducing environmental impacts of agricultural nitrate leaching.

Excessive and incorrect use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agriculture leads to high nitrate leaching to groundwater and harmful effects on the environment. The main objective of this research was to optimize the N fertigation scheduling for a surface micro-irrigation system in different soils. N uptake by corn and its losses were investigated for two fertigation scheduling scenarios including regional recommendation scheduling with three fertigation events and a weekly application schedule.

Evaluation of fertigation management impacts of surface drip irrigation on reducing nitrate leaching using numerical modeling.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of fertigation strategies on nitrate leaching and its uptake into maize plants. Field experimental data were employed to calibrate a numerical model (HYDRUS 2D/3D) for a surface drip irrigation system in a sandy clay loam soil. The calibrated model was used to simulate nitrate plant uptake and its leaching in different fertigation scenarios based on various fertigation durations and different start times of fertigation.

Long-term follow-up of intensive glycaemic control on renal outcomes in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).

Aims/hypothesis: We conducted an analysis of data collected during the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) and the follow-up study (VADT-F) to determine whether intensive (INT) compared with standard (STD) glycaemic control during the VADT resulted in better long-term kidney outcomes.

Methods: VADT randomly assigned 1791 veterans from 20 Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centres who had type 2 diabetes mellitus and a mean HbA of 9.4 ± 2% (79.

Association of Blood Glucose Control and Lipids With Diabetic Retinopathy in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).

Objective: This study examined whether lipids modify the relationship between intensive glucose control (INT) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Research Design And Methods: The incidence and progression of DR were assessed in 858 of 1,791 participants with 7-field stereoscopic fundus photographs at baseline and 5 years later.

Results: Odds of DR progression were lower by ∼40% in those with baseline total cholesterol (TC) ≥200 mg/dL (P = 0.

Association of blood glucose control and pancreatic reserve with diabetic retinopathy in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that intensive glycaemic control (INT) and higher plasma C-peptide levels in patients with poorly controlled diabetes would be associated with better eye outcomes.

Methods: The incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was assessed by grading seven-field stereoscopic fundus photographs at baseline and 5 years later in 858 of 1,791 participants in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).

Results: After adjustment for all covariates, risk of progression (but not incidence) of DR increased by 30% for each 1% increase in baseline HbA1c (OR 1.

Disorders of bone and bone mineral metabolism.

Metabolic bone disorders are very common in the general population and untreated, they can cause a variety of neurologic symptoms. These diseases include osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, Paget's disease, and alterations in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium metabolism. Diagnosis is made through analysis of metabolic bone blood chemistries as well as radiologic studies such as dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, bone scans, and X-rays.

Association of PAI-1 and fibrinogen with diabetic retinopathy in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).

Objective: To test the hypothesis that high levels of plasminogen-activating inhibitor (PAI)-1 and fibrinogen at baseline were associated with the onset or progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) during the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).

Research Design And Methods: The VADT was an open-label, prospective, randomized controlled trial to test the effect of standard glycemic control (STD) compared with intensive control (INT) on cardiovascular events in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) outcomes were also collected.

Observation on renal outcomes in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial.

Objective: The Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) was a randomized, prospective, controlled trial of 1,791 patients with type 2 diabetes to determine whether intensive glycemic control would reduce cardiovascular events compared with standard control. The effect of intensive glycemic control and selected baseline variables on renal outcomes is reported.

Research Design And Methods: Baseline mean age was 60.

A case of hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, and hematologic malignancy.

Objective: To report a case of chronic and persistent hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis in a 74-year-old military veteran.

Methods: The clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and cytogenetic details of the case are presented, followed by a discussion of the related literature.

Results: The patient was treated for septicemia without evidence of infection.

Testosterone treatment enhances regional brain perfusion in hypogonadal men.

The positive effect of testosterone replacement therapy on psychosocial well-being in hypogonadal men has been demonstrated by various psychometric tests. However, there is no report available that objectively demonstrates the effect of testosterone on the function of the central nervous system in men. In this report we studied cerebral perfusion in seven hypogonadal men on testosterone replacement therapy.