Effects of intracameral administration of α-chymotrypsin on intracapsular lens extraction and postoperative outcome in clinically normal dogs.

Objective: To assess the intraoperative and postoperative clinical effects and histologic effects of intracameral administration of α-chymotrypsin in clinically normal dogs undergoing standard intracapsular lens extraction (ICLE).

Animals: 6 young adult male dogs without evidence of systemic or ocular disease.

Procedures: All dogs underwent bilateral ICLE 7 minutes following injection of 75 U of α-chymotrypsin or an identical volume (0.

Long-term complications after phacoemulsification for cataract removal in dogs: 172 cases (1995-2002).

Objective: To determine common postoperative complications and risk factors for development of postoperative glaucoma or failure to preserve vision after phacoemulsification for cataract removal in dogs. Design-Retrospective case series.

Animals: 172 dogs (290 eyes) that underwent phacoemulsification surgery for cataract removal.

Efficacy of oral supplementation with L-lysine in cats latently infected with feline herpesvirus.

Objective: To examine the effects of orally administered L-lysine on clinical signs of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) infection and ocular shedding of FHV-1 in latently infected cats.

Animals: 14 young adult, FHV-1-naive cats.

Procedure: Five months after primary conjunctival inoculation with FHV-1, cats were rehoused and assigned to receive 400 mg of L-lysine in food once daily for 30 days or food only.

Effects of L-lysine and L-arginine on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus type-1.

Objective: To determine the effects of various concentrations of L-lysine and L-arginine on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1).

Sample Population: Cultured Crandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells and FHV-1 strain 727.

Procedure: Uninfected CRFK cells or CRFK cells infected with FHV-1 were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium or in 1 of 7 test media containing various concentrations of lysine and arginine.

Detection of feline herpesvirus-specific antibodies and DNA in aqueous humor from cats with or without uveitis.

Objective: To determine whether uveitis in cats was associated with intraocular production of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1)-specific antibodies or with detection of FHV-1 DNA in aqueous humor (AH).

Animals: 44 cats with idiopathic uveitis, 29 cats with uveitis attributed to Toxoplasma gondii infection, 13 FHV-1 seropositive cats without uveitis, and 9 FHV-1 seronegative cats without uveitis.

Procedure: ELISA were used to detect FHV-1-specific antibodies and total IgG antibodies in serum and AH, and the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (C-value) for intraocular antibody production was calculated.

Persistence of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA in chronic conjunctival and eyelid lesions of mice.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes chronic blepharitis and conjunctivitis as well as keratitis in humans. The pathogenesis of these inflammatory ocular and dermal lesions is not well understood. We have examined the persistence of HSV-1 DNA and its relationship to inflammatory lesions in the conjunctiva and eyelid skin of mice which were inoculated with HSV-1 by the corneal route.

Detection of feline herpesvirus 1 DNA in corneas of cats with eosinophilic keratitis or corneal sequestration.

Objective: To determine whether feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) DNA is in the corneas of clinically normal cats and cats with eosinophilic keratitis or corneal sequestration.

Sample Population: Corneal biopsy specimens obtained from cats referred for treatment of corneal sequestration or eosinophilic keratitis.

Procedure: Corneal scraping or keratectomy specimens collected from clinically normal cats, cats with eosinophilic keratitis, and cats with corneal sequestration were evaluated for FHV-1 DNA by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

The lens influences aqueous humor levels of transforming growth factor-beta 2.

Background: Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) is a pluripotent cytokine which has been suggested to play a number of roles in ocular physiologic and pathologic states. Intraocular fluid (i.o.

Effect of alpha-chymotrypsin on breaking strength and ultrastructural morphology of canine ciliary zonules.

Objective: To determine the effect of alpha-chymotrypsin treatment on breaking strength and ultrastructural morphology of canine ciliary zonules.

Sample Population: Eyes from young random-source dogs from an animal shelter.

Procedure: Eyes were obtained immediately after euthanasia of dogs.

Effects of valacyclovir in cats infected with feline herpesvirus 1.

Objective: To determine whether orally administered valacyclovir can be used safely and effectively to treat cats with primary, feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) infection.

Animals: 14 specific-pathogen-free adult cats.

Procedure: Cats were infected with FHV-1 strain 87-727 (300 microliters, 10(7) plaque-forming units/ml) by ocular and nasal inoculations, and were treated every 6 hours with dextrose (controls) or valacyclovir (60 mg/kg of body weight, PO).

Surgery for lens instability.

Lens luxation is a common and potentially blinding disease of dogs. If left untreated, degenerative changes in the pathways for aqueous humor result in glaucoma; however, if the lens is removed by ICLE before significant secondary changes occur, vision can be preserved. In addition, it is now possible to restore excellent vision by replacing the luxated lens with a synthetic IOL.

Principles of microsurgery.

The surgical principles and techniques used in ophthalmic microsurgery differ considerably from those used in general surgery. Successful ophthalmic microsurgery requires that the surgeon understand not only the design and complexities of the operating microscope, but how tissues are affected by minute manipulations with microsurgical instruments. Furthermore, ophthalmic microsurgery requires a detailed understanding of how microsurgical techniques need to be adjusted to accommodate the unique features of ocular tissues such as conjunctiva, cornea, and lens.

Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment of cystic granula iridica in horses: eight cases (1988-1996).

Objective: To determine clinical features of cystic granula iridica in horses and outcome of horses treated with an ophthalmic neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser.

Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: 8 horses.

High sensitivity polymerase chain reaction assay for active and latent feline herpesvirus-1 infections in domestic cats.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed and used to detect feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) in conjunctival and oropharyngeal swabs, and in latently infected tissues (trigeminal ganglia, optic nerves, optic chiasma, olfactory bulbs and corneas) collected from 10 experimentally infected cats. There was good agreement between parallel tests of the swab specimens by PCR and virus isolation assay during the phase of acute, latent and recurrent disease episodes (kappa = 0.63, P < 0.

Effect of a live attenuated intranasal vaccine on latency and shedding of feline herpesvirus 1 in domestic cats.

A prospective study was conducted that evaluated duration of virus shedding through acute and experimentally-induced recurrent disease episodes in 12 cats, and tissue distribution of latent infections, following intranasal vaccination with a temperature sensitive (ts) mutant strain of feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV1). Six of these cats were challenged with a virulent field strain of the agent to assess the extent to which vaccination affected subsequent shedding of virus and the establishment of latent infections. Virus isolation (VI) tests were done in parallel with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to compare the performance of each diagnostic method.

Photocoagulation of limbal melanoma in dogs and cats: 15 cases (1989-1993).

Objective: To evaluate immediate clinical effects and long-term results of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment of limbal melanoma in dogs and cats.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 13 dogs and 2 cats.

Effects of topically applied mitomycin-C on intraocular pressure, facility of outflow, and fibrosis after glaucoma filtration surgery in clinically normal dogs.

The effects of mitomycin-C on intraocular pressure (IOP), facility of outflow (C), and Tenon's capsule fibrosis were studied over 60 days in 10 clinically normal dogs. A-1-piece, silicone glaucoma implant was surgically implanted into both eyes; the filtration site of one eye was treated with a single, 5-minute intraoperative application of mitomycin (0.5 mg/ml), and the fellow eye was treated in a similar manner with balanced salt solution.

Iron uptake by cultured lens epithelial cells.

Background: Transferrin and Fe concentrations increase in the intraocular fluids in pathological conditions and the lens accumulates Fe during ocular inflammation. Tissues take up Fe from transferrin by two mechanisms, receptor-medicated endocytosis of diferric transferrin and a process occurring at the cell membrane which may be mediated by an oxido-reductase. However, Fe metabolism, transport and storage have not been previously investigated in the lens.

Lens capsule opacification in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes.

Background: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication of lens extraction. Although intraocular lenses (IOLs) are thought to inhibit capsule opacification, the mechanisms by which they do this are poorly understood. This study was done to determine the effects of pseudophakia on secondary cataract and PCO in experimentally lentectomized dogs.

The intracapsular extraction of displaced lenses in dogs: a retrospective study of 57 cases (1984-1990).

Records of 48 dogs (57 eyes) that underwent intracapsular lens extraction (ICLE) of displaced lenses were reviewed. Preoperatively, 73% (19/26 eyes) of eyes with anterior luxations had secondary glaucoma compared to 43% (10/23 eyes) with subluxations and 38% (3/8 eyes) with posterior luxations. Forty-one of 57 eyes (72%) had vision and intraocular pressure (IOP) less than 30 mm Hg four to six weeks after surgery.

Immunologic, histologic, and virologic features of herpesvirus-induced stromal keratitis in cats.

Sequential histologic, immunologic, and virologic features of herpesvirus-induced keratitis were studied in 18 experimentally infected cats. Histologic changes were assessed by use of light microscopy, and the presence of viral antigen, B lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes was verified immunohistochemically. Flow cytometry was used to monitor changes in blood T lymphocytes (CD4 and CD8 homologues) and B lymphocytes.