In-vitro Investigation of Antibiotics Efficacy Against Uropathogenic Biofilms and Antibiotic Induced Biofilm Formation at Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Ciprofloxacin.

Background: Community-acquired urinary tract infections are associated with significant morbidity, and uropathogenic (UPEC) alone causes 90% of urinary tract infections. This bacterium retains a diverse armament of virulence factors including fimbria, hemolysins, and siderophores production. In a post invasion scenario, formation of intracellular communities mimic biofilm-like characteristics and are linked to recurrent urinary tract infections.