Hollow Fiber-in-Syringe Equilibrium Sampling Through Supported-Liquid Membrane for Evaluation of Drug-Plasma Binding.

The aim was to evaluate drug-plasma binding (DPB).by employing Hollow Fiber-in-Syringe Equilibrium Sampling Through Supported Liquid Membrane (HFiS ESTSLM) and RP-HPLC analysis. HFiS ESTSLM and RP-HPLC were used to evaluate DPB of three weak basic drugs (Metoprolol, Diphenhydramine, and Sildenafil) with differing hydrophilicity and binding ability to blood plasma.

Comparison of pharmacokinetics of two tylvalosin oral formulations in broiler chickens.

The objective of the study was to compare the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of two commercially available oral formulations of tylvalosin prepared for use in broiler chickens (ProviLosin and AviLosin ). A total of 36 healthy, broiler chickens were administered a single oral dose (25 mg/kg b.w.

The Development of a PBPK Model for Atomoxetine Using Levels in Plasma, Saliva and Brain Extracellular Fluid in Patients with Normal and Deteriorated Kidney Function.

Background: Atomoxetine is a treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. It inhibits Norepinephrine Transporters (NET) in the brain. Renal impairment can reduce hepatic CYP2D6 activity and atomoxetine elimination which may increase its body exposure.

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tildipirosin following intravenous and subcutaneous administration in sheep.

Tildipirosin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic commonly used in cattle and swine to treat bacterial pneumonia. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of tildipirosin after a single intravenous (i.v.

Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites in pregnant and nonpregnant ewes and determination of their concentrations in milk, allantoic fluid, and newborn plasma.

The objectives of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites in pregnant and nonpregnant ewes following a single oral dose and to determine the plasma concentrations of these compounds in milk, allantoic fluid, and newborn plasma. Eighteen healthy ewes were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6 each): pregnant ewes at 12-13 weeks of gestation (group A), nonpregnant ewes (group B), and pregnant ewes at 1-2 weeks before expected lambing date (group C). Ewes in all groups received a single oral dose of toltrazuril at 20 mg/kg body weight.

Comparative assessment of saliva and plasma for drug bioavailability and bioequivalence studies in humans.

To study the pharmacokinetics of selected drugs in plasma and saliva matrixes in healthy human volunteers, and to suggest using non-invasive saliva sampling instead of plasma as a surrogate in bioavailability and bioequivalence (BA/BE) studies. Four different pilot BA/BE studies were done in 12-18 healthy humans. Saliva and plasma samples were collected for 3-5 half life values of metformin, tolterodine, rosuvastatin, and paracetamol after oral dosing.

Evidence of reduced oral bioavailability of paracetamol in rats following multiple ingestion of grapefruit juice.

The aim of the current investigation was to assess the ability GFJ to modulate the pharmacokinetic profile of paracetamol following single or repeated administrations of GFJ in Sprague-Dawley rats. Diclofenac and carbamazepine were both used as positive controls. Rats received single GFJ or single distilled water doses or pretreated with three doses of GFJ prior to test drug administration.

Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the N-ethoxycarbonylmorpholine Ester of Diclofenac as a Prodrug.

The N-ethoxycarbonylmorpholine moiety was evaluated as a novel prodrug moiety for carboxylic acid containing drugs represented by diclofenac (1). Compound 2, the N-ethoxycarbonylmorpholine ester of diclofenac was synthesized and evaluated as a potential prodrug. The stability of the synthesized prodrug was evaluated in solutions of pH 1 and 7.

Interplay of biopharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics drug disposition and salivary excretion classification systems.

Unlabelled: The aim of this commentary is to investigate the interplay of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) and Salivary Excretion Classification System (SECS). BCS first classified drugs based on permeability and solubility for the purpose of predicting oral drug absorption. Then BDDCS linked permeability with hepatic metabolism and classified drugs based on metabolism and solubility for the purpose of predicting oral drug disposition.

The hydrolysis kinetics of monobasic and dibasic aminoalkyl esters of ketorolac.

Six aminoethyl and aminobutyl esters of ketorolac containing 1-methylpiperazine (MPE and MPB), N-acetylpiperazine (APE and APB) or morpholine (ME and MB), were synthesized and their hydrolysis kinetics were studied. The hydrolysis was studied at pH 1 to 9 (for MPE, APE and ME) and pH 1 to 8 (for MPB, APB and MB) in aqueous phosphate buffer (0.16 M) with ionic strength (0.

Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D among Jordanians: Effect of biological and habitual factors on vitamin D status.

Background: Vitamin D is cutaneously synthesized following sun exposure (vitamin D3) as well as it is derived from dietary intake (vitamin D3 and D2). Vitamin D2 and D3 are metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). This metabolite is considered the functional indicator of vitamin D stores in humans.

A retrospective, open-label analysis of the population pharmacokinetics of a single 10-mg dose of loratadine in healthy white Jordanian male volunteers.

Background: Loratadine is a long-acting tricyclic antihistamine with selective peripheral histamine H(1)-receptor antagonist activity. Loratadine 10-mg tablets have been reported to be rapidly absorbed after once-daily administration for 10 days in healthy adult subjects, with a T(max) of 1.3 hours for loratadine and 2.

Enhancement of oral bioavailability of insulin in humans.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate oral absorption of 1, 2 and 3 U/kg oral insulin five test products with different particle sizes in comparison with 0.1 U/kg subcutaneous reference formulation.

Methods: Twenty five healthy volunteers participated in five studies using a two-phase, two-sequence crossover design with washout period of one day.

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of doxycycline in ostriches (Struthio camelus) at two different dose rates.

A bioavailability and pharmacokinetics study of doxycycline was carried out on 30 healthy ostriches after a single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. The plasma doxycycline concentration was determined by HPLC/UV at 0 (pretreatment), 0.08, 0.

Bioequivalence evaluation of two brands of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 250/125 mg combination tablets in healthy human volunteers: use of replicate design approach.

The purpose of this study was to apply a replicate design approach to a bioequivalence study of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid combination following a 250/125 mg oral dose to 23 subjects, and to compare the analysis of individual bioequivalence with average bioequivalence. This was conducted as a 2-treatment 2-sequence 4-period crossover study. Average bioequivalence was shown, while the results from the individual bioequivalence approach had no success in showing bioequivalence.