Background: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring the potential contribution of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism via the kynurenine (KP) and serotonin (SP) pathways in Glioblastoma (GBM) biology. This study aims to address the association between pre-operative peripheral blood levels of TRP, kynurenine (KYN), 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (5-HTP), and serotonin (5-HT) and relevant oncological outcomes in GBM IDH-wt patients.
Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective clinical study.
PCSK9 promotes the degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptors and its inhibition by monoclonal antibodies or gene silencing approaches results in the reduction of plasma cholesterol levels coupled to that of cardiovascular events. Notably, while the liver is the primary source of circulating PCSK9, this protein is also abundantly expressed in the brain. However, its specific functions in the brain remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenistein (GEN) is a phytoestrogen with oestrogen-like activity found in many plants. Classified as an endocrine disruptor, GEN is potentially hazardous, particularly during developmental stages. It induces alterations in anxious behaviour, fertility, and energy metabolism, alongside modifications in specific brain circuits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Shared biological factors may play a role in both the cognitive deficits and the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome observed in individuals with Schizophrenia (SCZ). These factors could entail disturbances in tryptophan (Trp) to both melatonin (MLT) and kynurenine (Kyn) metabolic pathways, as well as inflammation and alterations in the gut microbiome composition.
Methods: The present research project aims to investigate this hypothesis by recruiting 170 SCZ patients from two different recruitment sites, assessing their cognitive functions and screening for the presence of metabolic syndrome.
Background: In the last decade, the kynurenine pathway (KP) has gained attention in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia being at the croassroad between neuroinflammation and glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission. However, clinical findings are scarse and conflicting, and the specific contributions of these two systems to the neurobiology of cognitive symptoms are far from being elucidated. Furthermore, little is known about the molecular underpinnings of non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive improvement, including rehabilitation strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale: In 2018, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) classified Gaming Disorder (GD) as a mental disorder. GD mainly occurs among adolescents, who, after developing addiction, show psychopathological traits, such as social anxiety, depression, social isolation, and attention deficit. However, the different studies conducted in humans so far show several limitations, such as the lack of demographic heterogeneity and equal representation of age, differences in the type of game and in the follow-up period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo cardinal elements in the complex and multifaceted pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) are neuroinflammation and dysregulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission, with the latter being especially involved in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Interestingly, the Kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP) is at the crossroad between them, constituting a potential causal link and a therapeutic target. Although there is preclinical and clinical evidence indicating a dysregulation of KP associated with the clinical phenotype of SCZ, clinical studies investigating the possible relationship between changes in biomarkers of the KP and response to pharmacotherapy are still limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBisphenols, synthetic organic compounds used in the production of plastics, are an extremely abundant class of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, i.e., exogenous chemicals or mixtures of chemicals that can interfere with any aspect of hormone action.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) still remains a challenge. Melatonin (MLT), acting through its two receptors MT and MT, plays a key role in regulating circadian rhythms which are dysfunctional in BD. Using a translational approach, we examined the implication and potential of MT receptors in the pathophysiology and psychopharmacology of BD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe synthesis of melatonin (MLT) physiologically decreases during aging. Treatment with MLT has shown anxiolytic, hypnotic, and analgesic effects, but little is known about possible age-dependent differences in its efficacy. Therefore, we studied the effects of MLT (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) on anxiety-like behavior (open field (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPMT), three-chamber sociability, and marble-burying (MBT) tests), and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-dorsal hippocampus (dHippo) circuit in adolescent (35-40 days old) and adult (three-five months old) C57BL/6 male mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe kynurenine pathway (KP) may play a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with the plasma levels of the metabolites of tryptophan (TRP) via the serotonin (5-HT) and kynurenine (KYN) pathways in 44 patients with BD and 45 healthy controls. We assessed whether variants that were differentially associated with metabolite levels based on the diagnostic status improved the prediction accuracy of BD using penalized regression approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this paper, we study the problem of network discovery and influence propagation, and propose an integrated approach for the analysis of lead-lag synchronization in multiple choices. Network models for the processes by which decisions propagate through social interaction have been studied before, but only a few consider unknown structures of interacting agents. In fact, while individual choices are typically observed, inferring individual influences - who influences who - from sequences of dynamic choices requires strong modeling assumptions on the cross-section dependencies of the observed panels.
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