MRI-based cortical gray/white matter contrast in young adults who endorse psychotic experiences or are at genetic risk for psychosis.

Research has reported group-level differences in cortical grey/white matter contrast (GWC) in individuals with psychotic disorders. However, no studies to date have explored GWC in individuals at elevated risk for psychosis. In this study, we examined brain microstructure differences between young adults with psychotic-like experiences or a high genetic risk for psychosis and unaffected individuals.

Compositional modeling of solution gas-oil ratio (Rs): a comparative study of tree-based models, neural networks, and equations of state.

Accurate knowledge of crude oil pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) properties is essential for both industrial and academic applications. However, traditional experimental methods for determining these properties, particularly the solution gas-oil ratio (R), are time-intensive and costly. In this study, advanced compositional models were developed using a broad range of machine learning (ML) techniques to predict R efficiently and reliably.

Relative biological effectiveness of 31 meV thermal neutrons in peripheral blood lymphocytes.

The reported relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for thermal neutrons has a large range (5-51, for cytogenetic endpoints), which can confound radiation protection decision-making. To determine whether thermal neutron spectra can influence RBE, the RBE of reactor-derived thermal neutrons of average energy 31 meV was evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using two classical DNA double-strand break endpoints: the dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Dose-response curves for 41 to 408 mGy revealed a preference for linear regression.

Clinical outcomes of dental implants placed in the augmented maxillary sinus: A 5-year retrospective study.

Background: Factors influencing the success of an implant placed in augmented maxillary sinus need to be recognized. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various oral health conditions and treatment plan details on the clinical and radiographical outcomes of implants placed in the augmented sinus.

Materials And Methods: In this clinical retrospective study, 39 participants (81 implants) that received dental implants after sinus lifting between January 2005 and July 2016 were evaluated.

Accuracy of Lung Ultrasonography for Diagnosis of Heart Failure; a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Despite the evident impact of ultrasonography on diagnosis in acute care settings, there is still a great deal of uncertainty regarding its accuracy. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of lung ultrasonography (LUS) for the identification of acute heart failure in patients with suggestive manifestations.

Methods: Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched from their inception to November 2024 to identify original studies investigating accuracy of LUS for diagnosis of heart failure.

FMRI insights into the neural alterations and clinical correlates in multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has emerged as an effective method for studying MS pathology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of fMRI applications, clarifying alterations in brain activity and identifying relevant biomarkers.

The potential of curcumin in mitigating acetaminophen-induced liver damage.

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used over-the-counter medication for pain and fever, but its overuse can lead to liver toxicity, hepatocyte apoptosis, and necrosis. Despite therapeutic advances in drug-induced hepatotoxicity, APAP-induced liver damage still poses a medical challenge. Recently, natural products have emerged as potential options for mitigating the effects of APAP hepatotoxicity.

Comparison of Body Mass Index, Energy and Macronutrient Intake, and Dietary Inflammatory Index Between Type 2 Diabetic and Healthy Individuals.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder diagnosed by elevated blood sugar. Key risk factors for T2DM include obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and poor dietary habits. The proportion of macronutrients and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) seem to be associated with the risk of T2DM.

CRIBAR: a fast and flexible sgRNA design tool for CRISPR imaging.

Motivation: CRISPR imaging enables the real-time tracking of nucleic acids. Using guide RNAs (gRNAs) to direct fluorescent tags to target regions allows for precise nucleic acid monitoring via microscopy. The design of gRNAs largely affects the efficacy of CRISPR imaging.

Evaluation of Interfractional Setup Uncertainties and Calculation of Adequate CTV-PTV Margin for Head and Neck Radiotherapy using Electronic Portal Imaging Device.

Background: The evaluation of treatment-associated errors is important in the radiotherapy process, particularly those resulting related to patient setup.

Objective: This research aimed to assess the interfractional setup errors and determine the Clinical Target Volume to Planning Target Volume (CTV to PTV) margin in patients undergoing 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT) for head and neck cancer by means of electronic portal imaging device.

Material And Methods: In this analytical study, 300 portal images were acquired from 50 patients undergoing 3DCRT for head and neck cancer.

Cavernoma of the cauda equina mimicking schwannoma: A case report.

Cavernous malformations (CMs), also known as cavernomas or cavernous hemangiomas, are vascular lesions characterized by clusters of abnormally dilated blood vessels resembling a mulberry. In this report, we present the case of a 40-year-old man who presented with a one-year history of back pain radiating into both legs, with a preference for the left leg. An MRI initially suggested a schwannoma at the T12-L1 vertebral level, with a differential diagnosis that included meningioma-2 common intradural-extramedullary spinal tumors- with distinct management and prognostic implications.

The Performance of Three Systems of Glycated Hemoglobin Measurements Among Patients With Sickle Cell Trait in Basrah, Iraq.

Background Hemoglobin variants may cause mismanagement of diabetes resulting from false glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) results. The aim of this study was to compare the results obtained from three different HbA1c assay systems among patients with sickle cell trait (SCT) at Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center (FDEMC) in Basrah. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was done in FDEMC in Basrah on patients with established diagnoses of diabetes mellitus.

A statistical framework for multi-trait rare variant analysis in large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies.

Large-scale whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies have improved our understanding of the contributions of coding and noncoding rare variants to complex human traits. Leveraging association effect sizes across multiple traits in WGS rare variant association analysis can improve statistical power over single-trait analysis, and also detect pleiotropic genes and regions. Existing multi-trait methods have limited ability to perform rare variant analysis of large-scale WGS data.

Synergistic recovery of Pr, Eu, and Ce from gold mine tailings using bioleaching and oxalic acid pretreatment.

Mining activities produce a significant amount of gold mine tailings (GMT) rich in rare earth elements. Despite this, little information is available regarding the effective extraction of these precious elements from GMT. We describe a novel strategy for removing Pr, Ce, and Eu from GMT using Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans combined with a pretreatment step.

Synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma and methylene blue loaded nano micelles on treating human glioblastoma cells: An in vitro and molecular dynamics study.

Objectives: One of the most recent cancer treatment methods is cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), which destroys cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. Also, the created photons in the CAP flame can be used to excite a proper photosensitizing agent (PS). Therefore, using nano micelle systems containing a proper photosensitizer may be beneficial in raising the treatment efficacy of CAP.

RNA Sequencing Data Analysis of Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia Patients' Sperms and Effects of Curcumin on the Expression of Some Genes during Sperm Cryopreservation and Freeze-Thawing Process.

Background: The cause of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) is unclear. In this original study, we examined OAT patients' sperm using RNA-sequencing and studied the impact of curcumin on gene expression during sperm cryopreservation and freeze-thawing.

Methods: RNA-seq was performed using the Galaxy Europe server in IKHC (Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex), Tehran, Iran in 2023.

MR Imaging Techniques for Microenvironment Mapping of the Glioma Tumors: A Systematic Review.

Rationale And Objectives: The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical regulator of cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment response. Currently, various imaging approaches exist to assess the pathophysiological features of the TME. This systematic review provides an overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods used in clinical practice to characterize the pathophysiological features of the gliomas TME.

Unraveling the Rare Association Between Ulcerative Colitis and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Report.

Brain edema and neurological symptoms are the hallmarks of the uncommon disease known as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), which can have several etiological causes. Since the etiology determines the course of treatment, diagnosis is crucial. There have only been 14 cases of PRES associated with inflammatory bowel disorders documented.

Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

All-optical switch based on two-dimensional asymmetric electromagnetically induced grating in nanohybrid systems.

This study investigates (EIG) in a nanohybrid configuration involving a semiconductor quantum dot (SQD) and a core-shell bimetallic nanoparticle coated with graphene. The goal is to optimize interactions between plasmons and excitons. This is achieved by utilizing nanoparticles covered with graphene, which enhances control over surface plasmons.

Lifespan cardiometabolic exposures are associated with midlife white matter microstructure: The Bogalusa Heart Study.

Introduction: Compartment model analysis of diffusion MRI data provides unique information on the microstructural properties of white matter. However, studies relating compartment model microstructural measures to longitudinal cardiometabolic health data are rare.

Methods: 130 cognitively healthy participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study completed diffusion MRI scans.

Diagnosis and prognosis of melanoma from dermoscopy images using machine learning and deep learning: a systematic literature review.

Background: Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer, where early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to improve patient outcomes. Dermoscopy, a non-invasive imaging technique, aids in melanoma detection but can be limited by subjective interpretation. Recently, machine learning and deep learning techniques have shown promise in enhancing diagnostic precision by automating the analysis of dermoscopy images.

Design, simulation, and manufacturing of analyzer optical cell for detection and measurement of injectable odorant at pressure reduction stations.

The absence of a mercaptan compounds analyzer in natural gas pressure reduction stations (PRS) odorizer leads to inaccuracies in the injection dosage, often resulting in quantities beyond standard limits and consequently increasing odorant consumption. Insufficient odorant levels in natural gas can pose safety risks to consumers, as the gas may become odorless at the end of the pipeline. Therefore, accurate determination of the concentration of key odorant compounds in natural gas can reduce both costs and environmental risks.

[18F]Tetrafluoroborate, a new NIS PET/CT radiopharmaceutical: an overview focused on differentiated thyroid cancer.

Background: In relapsing differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the in vivo evaluation of natrium-iodide symporter (NIS) expression is pivotal in the therapeutic planning and is achieved by 131/123Iodine (131/123I) whole body scan. However, these approaches have low sensitivity due to the low resolution of SPECT. 18F-Tetrafluoroborate (TFB) has been proposed as a viable alternative, which could outperform 131/123I scans owing to the superior PET resolution.

Promoting Healthy Aging for Older People Living with Chronic Disease by Implementing Community Health Programs: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study.

The rising prevalence of chronic diseases could be mitigated by expanding community programs. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of delivering a community wellness program for older adults living with chronic disease. A two-group randomized controlled study, with blinded assessments, enrolling adults (≥50 years) with chronic disease, was conducted at a Western Australian community hub.