CHANGES IN THE KIDNEY AND LIVER STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS DURING THE EXPERIMENTAL, NON-LETHAL LOAD OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCL₄).

Objective - to evaluate changes in the structure and function of the liver and kidneys under non-lethal carbon tetrachloride intragastric administration. Experimental studies were performed on 46 white Wistar male rats. Within 7 days, the experimental group of animals underwent intoxication with the introduction of 0.

The role of macronutrients in the implementation of the corrective effect of low-mineralized water in experimental metabolic syndrome.

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a widespread pathological condition, a group of interconnected metabolic disorders that contribute to the development of a number of severe noncommunicable diseases. Natural mineral waters of various compositions are widely used in the correction of MS. Their biological activity and specificity of action is associated with the presence of specific components (micronutrients, biologically active substances).

Application of mineral waters in the complex treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastric pathologies. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the healing effects of mineral waters (MW).

Methods: Ninety patients with GERD were under observation.

[Characteristics of the kidney functional state after a single dose of thyroxine in white rats].

A 50 mcg/100 g b.w. single dose of thyroxine was injected to non-inbred white rat males with body mass 140-180 g in conditions of 5% water and osmotic (3% solution of sodium chloride) load, then renal function was studied.

[The role of functional state of stress-limiting systems in assessing efficacy of early rehabilitation of postmyocardial infarction patients].

Observation of over 97 postmyocardial infarction convalescents has ascertained that effectiveness of rehabilitation depends much on the function of stress-limiting systems (SLS) of the organism. The best treatment results were achieved in patients with strong SLS. Measurement of SLS indices is recommended in survivors of myocardial infarction on sanatorium treatment.

[Effects of hypogeomagnetic fields on the structural-functional activity of rat cerebral cortex].

Structural functional organization state of brain cortex has been determined by histological, hystochemical and morfometrical methods from 104 animals, which were exposed by long stay of hypogeomagnetic field. It is found the disturbance of brain cortex micro-circulation; the disturbance of the enzymes activity of oxidate-reductive types, analogous to hypoxic; monthly chronobiological cycle of neurons content of basic structural functional types replace by changes of this index. The authors suppose that as a result the desynchronization of brain cortex activity as functional system appear.

[Aspects of the reactions of mitochondrial populations in neurons of the sensory motor cortex during prolonged influence of low-frequency vibration of rats].

Hypertrophied mitochondria (Mt) were found in the sensorimotor cortex neurons under prolong low-frequency vibration in the experiment with 66 white rat males. Structural changes of Mt were similar to those shown under other types of stress accompanied by energy supply deficit. The results indicated that the reaction of the Mt population on low-frequency vibration has stages and lead to formation of uniformity in structural and functional properties of Mt regardless of the neurons type.

[Structural changes in the brain in HIV infection complicated by drug addiction].

Comparative analysis of brain alterations in drug addicts who were HIV-seropositive and died of sepsis and HIV-seronegative addicts showed similarity of these changes which manifested with ganglion cell rarefaction and losses, changed neuron content of main structural-functional types; massive satellitosis and neuronophagia, massive glycosis and leucodystrophy. These changes were diffuse in seropositive patients and rather focal in seronegative patients. The authors, on the basis of these findings, suggest a wider spread of HIV infection in drug addicts; they express doubts in the secondary nature of HIV-encephalopathy and believe that drug addiction should be considered as factor promoting HIV-infection development.

[Activity of gastric mucosal NO synthase in duodenal ulcer].

The paper covers the results of 32 endoscopic studies. The D. E.

[The pathogenetic aspects of an ulcerative lesion of the duodenal mucosa].

Basing upon the histochemical study of SDG and NO-synthase activity in 68 biopsies taken from patients with duodenal ulcer the connection between the clinical specificity and the activity of the disease the SDG activity decreases, while that of NO-synthase increases. At the phase of cicatrization the opposite process is going on. The authors connect the phenomena under investigation with the vasodilatory and protective abilities of the nitrogen oxide.

[The reaction of the population of mitochondria in the sensorimotor cortical neurons of rats to the prolonged, continuous action of low-frequency vibration].

The investigations revealed that long term action of vibration causes the following changes: growth of mitochondria size (the appearance of hypertrophied ones) clearing of their matrix, vacuoles formation, destruction of cysts. Similar changes were described in extreme conditions connected with deficiency of energy supply. Reaction of mitochondrial population to the action of vibration is phased and lies in change of relative content of mitochondria with different functional activity (orthodoxal, activated and destroying).

[Morphological changes in the vestibular analyzer in the dynamics of an experimental disorder of the cerebral circulation].

The alterations of microcirculatory structures and of neurons as a result of chronic cerebrovascular disturbances induced by ligation of the left common carotid artery were studied on 56 noninbred white male rats. The objects of investigation were central links of vestibular analyser such as anterior vestibular nucleus, posterior ventro-lateral part of hypothalamus, sensomotor brain cortex. It was established that one-sided ligation of common carotid artery resulted in alterations in vessels of microcirculatory bed, in neurons' bodies, in synapses.

[The ultrastructural characteristics of the synapses in the rat sensorimotor cortex under the action of different adverse factors].

Ninety six outbred males of albino rats of 10-14 months of age were subjected to modeling experimental cerebro-vascular deficiency and were exposed to low frequency vibration and hypokinesia. Ultrastructural changes in neurons and synapses of sensomotor cortex were studied using electron microscopy. It was found that exposure to all harmful factors led to similar ultrastructural changes in soma of neurons and may be considered as hypoxic changes.

[The structural-metabolic bases of the action of vibration on the thalamic structures of the brain].

By means of histochemistry and light and electron microscopy one of the links of the postero-ventro-lateral thalamus (PVLT) exposed to the vibration of low frequency (VLF) (95 dB, 8 Hz) was studied. Diffuse mild alterations of PVLT of dystrophic or compensatory nature resembling that in hypoxia were discovered. Disturbances of oxidative metabolism (activation of succinic acid oxidase link of Krebs cycle, use of NADPH potentials and pentose cycle energy in neurons energetics) were alike with that in hypoxia.

[Effect of low-frequency vibration on the activity of dehydrogenase in neurones of anterior vestibular nucleus in rats].

To obtain the characteristics of the main changes in oxidative metabolism in the neurons of the nucleus vestibularis anterior (NVA) under the influence of low frequency vibration in rat brain the activities of some dehydrogenases (NADN-DH, NADPH-DH, succinate-DH, malate-DH, beta-oxybutyrate-DH, alpha-glycerolphosphate-DH, lactate-DH, glutamate-DH and 6-phosphogluconate-DH) were measured using histochemical methods. The sizes of subpopulations of neurons differing in enzyme activities were estimated.

[Experimental substantiation of the method of pharmaco-metabolic brain protection against hypoxia in severe craniocerebral injury].

The experiment has shown that a complex of functionally related vitamins including thiamine, lipoate, D-pantothenate, nicotinate and riboflavine in "pyruvate-dehydrogenase" ratios decreases inhibition of the activity of alpha-keto acid dehydrogenases in the brain and liver with thiopental anesthesia, intensifies arrival of [35S]-lipoate to the brain and decreases acute toxicity of sodium thiopental (TnNa). The same complex (where thiamine, pantothenate and riboflavine are substituted by the corresponding coenzyme forms) complemented by the components stimulating the function of GABA-bypath of the brain as administered to rats with serious craniocerebral injury on the background of prolonged anaesthesia effect improves recovery of the brain functions, that is followed by normalization of ketoglutarate-dehydrogenase activity, maintenance of GABA-bypath function and by a decrease of GABA and glutamate content in the brain. The results obtained substantiate the advisability to use vitamin-coenzyme-metabolic complex in the acute period of traumatic brain disease aimed to increase efficiency of the antihypoxic TnNa effect and to correct its undesirable effects.

[Changes in neuronal structure and activity of various oxidation- reduction enzymes in the cerebellum after continuous long-term general low-frequency vibration].

In 84 white non-inbred rats, subjected to the effect of total continuous low-frequency vibration (8 Hz, 95 dB) for 1, 3, 7, 14, 20, 30 days, morphological and histoenzymatic changes have been studied in the nuclear neurons and in the cerebellar cortex. The former are presented as axonal reactions, as chromatolysis of various degree of manifestation, as changes in amount of hypochromic neurons, as glial reactions of various forms. They are interpreted as reactive and are of stage character.