The Effect of surface topographical changes of two different surface treatments rotary instrument.

Background: One of the major innovations in endodontics has been the introduction of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy. This study evaluated the surface topographical changes of two different surface treatments rotary instrument after instrumentation and sterilization.

Material And Methods: 240 Extracted teeth were included in this study.

Effect of clasp type and pullout location on clasp retention in different environment: study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of pullout location and clasp types in two different environments to dislodge the clasp.

Materials And Methods: Mandibular test models with natural premolars and molar teeth were used to test four types of clasp (each 12) (Akers, Rest plate Akers, Half and Half, and Ring clasp) with three different pullout location for each type (ring on the rest, loop on the saddle, and wax arising from both rests) in dry and natural fresh saliva environment. Each clasp was pulled out 10 times with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min, and the force required to withdraw each was measured.