High Frequency of Producing Isolated from Nosocomial Infection in Azerbaijan, Iran.

Background: is one of the significant agents of hospital-acquired infections. In recent years, carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) isolates have been found in numerous epidemics of nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine carbapenem resistance mechanisms and molecular epidemiological of CRKP infections in Azerbaijan, Iran.

Evaluation of Resistance Mechanisms in Carbapenem-Resistant .

Background: Carbapenem-resistant (CRE) is a major concern leading to morbidity and mortality in the world. CRE often is becoming a cause of therapeutic failure in both hospital and community-acquired infections.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the resistance mechanisms of CRE by phenotypic and molecular methods.

Frequency of superantigen encoding genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and nasal carriers.

Background: Bacterial superantigens are potent T cell activators that can have acute or chronic effects on the central nervous system.

Objectives: In this study, the role of enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in MS patients and healthy nasal carriers.

Methods: Three-hundred fifty nasal swabs were collected from healthy nasal carriers (n = 210) and MS (n = 140) patients.

Effect of acidic and alkali shocks on expression of efaA gene in Enterococcus faecalis, isolated from root canal infection.

Enterococcus faecalis is an important opportunistic infectious agent involving the oral cavity and endodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression ratio of efaA gene in biofilm producer E. faecalis before and after receiving acidic and alkali shocks.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: Antimicrobial mechanisms and clinical application for infections.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a treatment procedure that involves breathing 100% O for a certain time and under a certain pressure. HBOT is commonly administrated as a primary or alternative therapy for different diseases such as infections. In this paper, we reviewed the general aspect of HBOT procedures, the mechanisms of antimicrobial effects and the application in the treatment of infections.

Detection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae by chromogenic screening media.

Enterobacteriaceae are a part of the human intestinal flora easily spread by hand carriage, water and food. Treatment of infections due to Enterobacteriaceae is difficult mainly in countries with a low socioeconomic state. Carbapenems are considered as a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Microbes involving in carcinogenesis; growing state of the art.

Lateral gene transfer (LGT) has been demonstrated as a transfer process of novel genes between different species. LGT proceedings are occurring between microbes and plants, as well as between microbes and animals. New evidence demonstrates that bacterial insertional mutagenesis may occur in cancer cells.

Classification, microbiology and treatment of diabetic foot infections.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common complication of type-1 and type-2 diabetes. About 10-15% of patients with diabetes develop foot ulcers. A validated foot ulcer classification system that will support the development of treatment strategis is necessary for clinicians managing DFUs.

Mechanisms of Bacteroides fragilis resistance to metronidazole.

Metronidazole-resistant Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) have been reported worldwide. Several mechanisms contribute to B.

Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis of Group B Streptococcus by Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis in Iran.

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, is well known as a causative agent for neonatal invasive diseases; it is also a major pathogen in adults. Analytic epidemiology is required to monitor the clinical isolates of GBS. However, there is insufficient information on the genetic background of GBS in Iran, and this information is needed to guide and develop a GBS vaccine.

The pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus in autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmune disease are defined as the attacks on host tissue by the immune system. Several factors, e.g.

nim gene-independent metronidazole-resistant Bacteroides fragilis in surgical site infections.

is the most common anaerobic pathogen isolated from surgical site infections (SSIs). Metronidazole resistance is increasing and the mechanisms of resistance are not clear in some isolates. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metronidazole susceptibility prevalence, and detect genes in isolates from SSIs.

Immunologic biomarkers for diagnostic of early-onset neonatal sepsis.

Accurate identification of early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) is challenging. Blood culture has been considered as a gold standard method but the identification of EOS is intricate by a high false-negative results. This review provides an overview of biomarkers as indicators for the diagnosis of EOS.

Aptamer-assisted novel technologies for detecting bacterial pathogens.

Nowadays, all people are at risk of infectious diseases that are mainly caused by bacteria causing infection. There is a permanent demand for an appropriate detection method that is affordable, practical, careful, rapid, sensitive, efficient and economical. Aptamers are single stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides, which can be recognized specifically and bind to their target molecules and also, be exploited in diagnostic applications.

Role of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age With Diarrhea in Tabriz, Iran.

Background: Diarrhea is the most frequent health problem among children in developing countries. Defining the etiology of acute diarrhea is critical to disease therapy and prevention. Some anaerobic bacteria such as Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) strains cause diarrheal disease by production of enterotoxin in children less than 5 years old.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated From Surgical Site Infection of Hospitalized Patients.

Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are infections of incision or deep tissue at operation sites. These infections prolong hospitalization, delay wound healing, and increase the overall cost and morbidity.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate anaerobic and aerobic bacteria prevalence in surgical site infections and determinate antibiotic susceptibility pattern in these isolates.

Bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of diabetic foot infections in Tabriz, Iran.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate anaerobic and aerobic bacteria profile and determination of antibiotic susceptibility pattern in aerobic bacteria.

Method: Specimens were cultured using optimal aerobic and anaerobic microbiological techniques. Identification of bacterial isolates was performed by standard microbiological methods and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).