Recent Breakthroughs in PET-CT Multimodality Imaging: Innovations and Clinical Impact.

This review presents a detailed examination of the most recent advancements in positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) multimodal imaging over the past five years. The fusion of PET and CT technologies has revolutionized medical imaging, offering unprecedented insights into both anatomical structure and functional processes. The analysis delves into key technological innovations, including advancements in image reconstruction, data-driven gating, and time-of-flight capabilities, highlighting their impact on enhancing diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes.

Advances in biodegradable materials: Degradation mechanisms, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility for orthopedic applications.

Mg-based and Zn-based biodegradable materials have the potential to become the next-generation implant materials to treat bone diseases, because of their desired degradation and mechanical properties. This article reviews the status of these implant materials. The required properties of biodegradable materials such as biodegradability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility for performance evaluation were briefly discussed.

Systemic risk spillover between the stock market and banking deposits: Evidence from a sustainability perspective in the South Asian countries.

This research explores the link between stock markets and banking deposits in South Asian (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal) countries. This study empirically examines the systemic risk potential of financial institutions in South Asia using current systemic risk statistics. Yearly data on stock prices and banking deposits from January 2000 to December 2020 were analyzed using a two-stage process.

Lie symmetry analysis and solitary wave solution of biofilm model Allen-Cahn.

The investigation presented in this study delves into the analysis of Lie symmetries for the bistable Allen-Cahn (BAC) equation with a quartic potential, specifically applied to the biofilm model. By employing the Lie symmetry method, we have acquired the Lie infinitesimal generators for the considered model. Using a transformation method, the nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs) are converted into various nonlinear ordinary differential equations (NLODEs), providing the numerous closed-form solitary wave solutions.

Radiolabeling and preclinical animal model evaluation of DTPA coupled Tc-labelled flutamide complex ([Tc]DTPA-FLUT) as a potential radiotracer for cancer imaging.

Background: Advances in molecular imaging strategies have had an effect on precise diagnosis and treatment. Research has been intensified to develop more effective and versatile radiopharmaceuticals to uplift diagnostic efficiency and, consequently, the treatment.

Purpose: To label the flutamide (FLUT) coupled with diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) with technetium-99 m (Tc) and to evaluate its binding efficiency with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cancer cells.

Managing energy transition alongside environmental protection by making use of AI-led butanol powered SI engine optimization in compliance with SDGs.

Enormous consumption of fossil fuel resources has risked energy accessibility in the upcoming years. The price fluctuation and depletion rate of fossil fuels instigate the urgent need for searching their reliable substitute. The current study tries to address these issues by presenting butanol as a replacement for gasoline in SI engines at various speeds and loading conditions.

A novel green synthesis of MnO-Coal composite for rapid removal of silver and lead from wastewater.

The presence of Ag(I) and Pb(II) ions in wastewater poses a significant threat to human health in contemporary times. This study aims to explore the development of a novel and economical adsorbent by grafting MnO particles onto low-rank coal, providing an innovative solution for the remediation of water contaminated with silver and lead. The synthesized nanocomposites, referred to as MnO-Coal, underwent thorough characterization using FTIR, XRD, BET, and SEM to highlight the feasibility of in-situ surface modification of coal with MnO nanoparticles.

Innovative technologies for removal of micro plastic: A review of recent advances.

Plastics are becoming a pervasive pollutant in every environmental matrix, particularly in the aquatic environment. Due to increased plastic usage and its impact on human and aquatic life, microplastic (MP) pollution has been studied extensively as a global issue. The production of MP has been linked to both consumer and commercial practices.

Formulation of -Based Nanobiopesticides and Assessment of the Pesticidal and Antimicrobial Potential.

The excessive use of synthetic pesticides has detrimental impacts on humans, non-target organisms, and the environment. Insect pest management strategies are shifting toward biopesticides, which can provide a feasible and environmentally friendly green solution to the pest problem. The key objective of the present research work was the preparation of -based nanobiopesticides with enhanced stability, solubility, and pesticidal potential.

Development of Nanosuspension of Extract as Novel Drug Delivery System to Enhance Its Bioavailability and Hepatoprotective Potential.

A nanosuspension of extract was formulated and characterized for the enhancement of bioavailability and better hepatoprotective efficacy. The nanosuspension of extract was formulated using an antisolvent precipitation technique, and various formulation parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized nanosuspension was characterized using AFM and FT-IR spectroscopy.

Point-of-Care Diagnostic Devices for Detection of O157:H7 Using Microfluidic Systems: A Focused Review.

Bacterial infections represent a serious and global threat in modern medicine; thus, it is very important to rapidly detect pathogenic bacteria, such as () O157:H7. Once treatments are delayed after the commencement of symptoms, the patient's health quickly deteriorates. Hence, real-time detection and monitoring of infectious agents are highly critical in early diagnosis for correct treatment and safeguarding public health.

Recent Developments in Zn-Based Biodegradable Materials for Biomedical Applications.

Zn-based biodegradable alloys or composites have the potential to be developed to next-generation orthopedic implants as alternatives to conventional implants to avoid revision surgeries and to reduce biocompatibility issues. This review summarizes the current research status on Zn-based biodegradable materials. The biological function of Zn, design criteria for orthopedic implants, and corrosion behavior of biodegradable materials are briefly discussed.

Formulation and Process Optimization of Nanosuspension by HPMC and In Vitro Evaluation of ACE Inhibitory Potential.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) overactivation is one of the primary causes of hypertension, which leads to cardiovascular disorders all over the world. In the scientific world, nanosuspension is a novel area of study that could offer an alternative treatment for active pharmaceuticals that are not well soluble in water. Since active compounds' bioavailability is reduced by their poor solubility, there are eventually fewer applications.

Tumor micro-environment sensitive release of doxorubicin through chitosan based polymeric nanoparticles: An in-vitro study.

Conventional chemotherapy poses toxic effects to healthy tissues. A therapeutic system is thus required that can administer, distribute, metabolize, and excrete medicine from human body without damaging healthy cells. This is possible by designing a therapeutic system that can release drug at specific target tissue.

Biochemical Interactions through Microscopic Techniques: Structural and Molecular Characterization.

Many researchers and scientists have contributed significantly to provide structural and molecular characterizations of biochemical interactions using microscopic techniques in the recent decade, as these biochemical interactions play a crucial role in the production of diverse biomaterials and the organization of biological systems. The properties, activities, and functionalities of the biomaterials and biological systems need to be identified and modified for different purposes in both the material and life sciences. The present study aimed to review the advantages and disadvantages of three main branches of microscopy techniques (optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and scanning probe microscopy) developed for the characterization of these interactions.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of MnO nanosorbent for adsorptive removal of Cs(I) and Sr(II) from water solutions.

In this study, a flower-like porous δ-MnO nanostructure was synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process for adsorptive removal of strontium (Sr(II)) and cesium (Cs(I)) from wastewater. The prepared δ-MnO nanosorbent exhibited superior affinity for Sr(II) over Cs(I) in the single-solute system, with partition coefficient (PC) values of 10.2 and 2.

The photocatalytic performance and structural characteristics of nickel cobalt ferrite nanocomposites after doping with bismuth.

Here, a novel bismuth-doped nickel-cobalt ferrite (NiCoBiFeO) was synthesized using a sol-gel auto-combustion approach. The impact of bismuth substitution on the nickel-cobalt ferrite structural characteristics was investigated relative to the nickel-cobalt ferrite without bismuth substitution (NiCoFeO) based on diverse technical options (e.g.

A rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 using DNA hydrogel formation on microfluidic pores.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a major public health challenge in 2020. Early diagnosis of COVID-19 is the most effective method to control disease spread and prevent further mortality. As such, a high-precision and rapid yet economic assay method is urgently required.

Fabrication of a Plasmonic Nanoantenna Array Using Metal Deposition on Polymer Nanoimprinted Nanodots for an Enhanced Fluorescence Substrate.

A simple and cost-effective method is proposed herein for a plasmonic nanoantenna array (PNAA) for the fabrication of metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) substrates in which fluorophores interact with the enhanced electromagnetic field generated by a localized surface plasmon to provide a higher fluorescence signal. The PNAA is fabricated by the deposition of a silver (Ag) layer on an ultraviolet (UV) nanoimprinted nanodot array with a pitch of 400 nm, diameter of 200 nm, and height of 100 nm. During deposition, raised Ag nanodisks and a lower Ag layer are, respectively, formed on the top and bottom of the imprinted nanodot array, and the gap between these Ag layers acts as a plasmonic nanoantenna.

Fabrication of Ag nanorods on micropost array for a metal-enhanced fluorescence substrate with a high signal-to-background ratio.

Selective fabrication of metallic nanostructures at the spotting area is required to increase the signal-to-background noise ratio (SBR) of the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) substrate. As a simple and cost-effective fabrication method for MEF substrate with high SBR, a glancing angle deposition (GLAD) process of Ag material on the UV-imprinted micropost array (50 μm in height, 300 μm in diameter, and 600 μm in pitch) was proposed to selectively fabricate Ag nanorods on the top of micropost structure (spotting area). Ag nanorod formation at the bottom of the micropost decreased as the deposition angle in Ag GLAD increased.

Investigation of calcium silicate as a natural clay-based sunblock: Formulation and characterization.

Background: Sunlight exposure causes several types of health issues to humans, and in particular, it affects especially the skin. Among the most common harmful issues developed by UV exposure are erythema, pigmentation, and lesions in DNA, which may lead to cancer. These long-term effects can be minimized with the use of sunscreen.

Recent Developments in Plasmonic Nanostructures for Metal Enhanced Fluorescence-Based Biosensing.

Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is a unique phenomenon of surface plasmons, where light interacts with the metallic nanostructures and produces electromagnetic fields to enhance the sensitivity of fluorescence-based detection. In particular, this enhancement in sensing capacity is of importance to many research areas, including medical diagnostics, forensic science, and biotechnology. The article covers the basic mechanism of MEF and recent developments in plasmonic nanostructures fabrication for efficient fluorescence signal enhancement that are critically reviewed.