Association Between Tobacco Smoking and the Development of Diabetic Macular Edema.

To explore the effect of cigarette smoking on the risk for developing diabetic macular edema (DME) among patients with diabetes. This retrospective exactly-matched cohort study used claims data for patients from all 50 states in the United States from 2010 through 2020. Patients with an initial diagnosis of diabetes were stratified into 3 cohorts as follows: active smokers, never smokers, and former smokers.

Small gauge vitrectomy: operative techniques.

Purpose Of Review: This article reviews operative techniques and risks associated with microincision vitrectomy surgery.

Recent Findings: All three microincision vitrectomy surgery platforms (23, 25, and 27 gauge) are associated with both advantages and disadvantages, combined with similarly low rates of hypotony, endophthalmitis, corneal astigmatism, and postoperative inflammation.

Summary: Hybrid-gauge vitrectomy, utilizing larger gauge MIVS cannulas, preserves surgeon access to benefits of both larger and smaller gauge MIVS platforms without compromising safety, efficacy, or efficiency.

Outcomes of Sequential Glaucoma Drainage Implants in Refractory Glaucoma.

Purpose: To describe the outcomes of eyes that have undergone a second glaucoma drainage implant (GDI) surgery.

Methods: A retrospective review of eyes that underwent a second GDI surgery from 2006 to 2013 was conducted. Primary outcome measures included intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and success rates.