Postoperative Changes in Body Composition Predict Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer.

Background: Postoperative changes in body composition (BC) have not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of postoperative comprehensive changes in BC on long-term prognosis in gastric cancer (GC) patients.

Methods: A total of 366 GC patients who underwent radical gastrectomy were included.

Development and validation of a new scoring system to discriminate between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis.

A scoring system to discriminate between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis is beneficial to determine the optimal treatment for acute appendicitis. We developed a scoring system to discriminate between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis and assessed the clinical usefulness of the scoring system using external validation. A total of 299 patients with acute appendicitis were retrospectively reviewed.

Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Evocalcet (KHK7580), a Novel Calcimimetic Agent: An Open-Label, Single- and Multiple-Dose, Phase I Trial in Healthy Chinese Subjects.

Purpose: This study explored the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of evocalcet (KHK7580), a new calcimimetic agent, in healthy Chinese subjects following single and multiple doses.

Methods: This was a single-center, open-label phase I trial conducted in China. The study started from the single-dose cohorts (1, 3, 6, 12 mg evocalcet, step-by-step administration) and proceeded to the multiple-dose cohort (6 mg evocalcet once daily for eight days).

Malignant diagnosis and prognostic analysis of 89 GIST patients using preoperative FDG-PET.

There is no preoperative imaging accurately diagnose malignancy of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). To evaluate the usefulness of preoperative [F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the malignant diagnosis and prognostic analysis of GIST. Eighty-nine consecutive patients with GIST who underwent curative surgery were reviewed retrospectively.

[Laparoscopic Right-Sided Colon Cancer Surgery Using Pancreas/Duodenum 3DCT(PDCT)].

Background And Purpose: The right colic artery(RCA)and gastrocolic trunk(GCT)traverse around the pancreas and duodenum and branch divergently, thus, complicating right-sided colon cancer surgery. The usefulness of pancreatic/duodenum 3DCT imaging(pancreas/duodenum CT: PDCT)for laparoscopic right-sided colon cancer surgery was investigated.

Patient And Method: The patient was a woman, in her 80's with 2 sites of ascending colon cancer:(1)A-C, cT4b(retroperitoneum) N2aM0, Stage Ⅲc;(2)A, cT3N1bM0, Stage Ⅲb.

Zandelisib (ME-401) in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: an open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation phase 1 study.

The selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ inhibitor zandelisib demonstrated favorable safety and efficacy [objective response rate (ORR) 79%] in patients with B-cell malignancies in a phase 1b study in the US and Switzerland. In this phase 1 dose-escalation study (NCT03985189), 9 Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (R/R iNHL) received zandelisib on a continuous daily schedule (45 or 60 mg) until progressive disease/unacceptable toxicity. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed.

[S-methyl-C]-L-methionine positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging parameters to evaluate early response for esophageal cancer with neoadjuvant carbon ion radiotherapy.

This study aimed to evaluate the uptake of the clinical effectiveness of [S-methyl-C]-L-methionine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (MET PET/CT) in patients with esophageal cancer and to investigate MET PET/CT imaging parameters to assess early response for esophageal cancer with neoadjuvant carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). MET PET/CT scans were performed in nineteen patients before and 3 weeks after completion of CIRT. After Surgery, the effect of neoadjuvant CIRT was investigated by examining the relationship between each parameter of MET uptake and the histological assessment (grade and tumor residual ratio).

Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may contribute to the prediction of postoperative infectious complications in patients with acute appendicitis: a retrospective study.

Background: Several studies have assessed various clinical variables to identify risk factors for postoperative complications in patients with acute appendicitis. However, few studies have focused on the relationships between systemic inflammatory variables and postoperative complications in patients with acute appendicitis. We investigated the relationships between postoperative complications and systemic inflammatory variables, and assessed the clinical utility of these variables as predictors of postoperative complications in patients with acute appendicitis.

[Stoma Site Marking of Colostomy Using Colostomy Simulation 3D-CT-A Case Report].

Background And Purpose: Stoma site marking is performed by inspection and palpation of the body surface. In stoma site, it is estimated that transverse colon is epigastric lesion and sigmoid colon is left hypogastric lesion. We try making colostomy simulation(Cs)3D-CT by which stoma site marking is able to be performed considering exact form of colon.

Discovery of Gut-Restricted Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Intestinal Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Transport Protein 2b (NaPi2b) for the Treatment of Hyperphosphatemia.

NaPi2b is primarily expressed in the small intestine, lungs, and testes and plays an important role in phosphate homeostasis. The inhibition of NaPi2b, responsible for intestinal phosphate absorption, is considered to reduce serum phosphate levels, making it a promising therapeutic approach for hyperphosphatemia. Using a novel phosphate uptake inhibitor (IC = 87 nM), identified from an in-house compound collection in human NaPi2b-transfected cells as a prototype compound, we conducted its derivatization based on a Ro5-deviated strategy to develop orally administrable small-molecule NaPi2b inhibitors with nonsystemic exposure.

Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio may Predict Postoperative Pneumonia in Stage I-III Gastric Cancer Patients After Curative Gastrectomy: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Several studies have demonstrated that diverse systemic inflammatory-based prognostic parameters predict a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. However, few studies have focused on the relationships between postoperative complications and systemic inflammatory-based prognostic parameters after curative gastrectomy. We investigated the relationships between postoperative complications and these parameters and assessed the clinical utility of the parameters as predictors of postoperative complications in patients with stage I-III gastric cancer.

[Investigation for Arc of Riolan-Conserving High Ligation Using Simulation CT Colonography in Preoperative Colorectal Cancer].

Background And Purpose: Simulation computed tomography colonography(sCTC), which combines CTC and 3-dimensional vascular imaging, is popular for the surgery of colorectal cancer. We experience anomaly, called arc of Riolan(aR), rarely but its definition and details are unclear. Using sCTC, we identified aR and investigated the simulation of aR-conserving high ligation.

A Novel Parameter Identified Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography may Contribute to Predicting Anastomotic Leakage in Gastric Cancer Surgery.

Background: Anastomotic leak is one of the most serious postoperative complications, and intraoperative adequate perfusion plays a key role in preventing its development in gastric cancer surgery. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between anastomotic leak and the parameters defined by an assessment of intraoperative anastomotic perfusion using a near-infrared indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence system and to evaluate the usefulness of this ICG fluorescence assessment in gastric cancer surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of 100 patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery.

[Transverse Colectomy with D2 Lymph Node Dissection with a Small Incision Using Body Surface 3D-Simulation CT Colonography].

Background: Laparoscopic transverse colectomy is technically difficult. In mini-laparotomy surgery, colectomy for midtransverse colon cancer can easily be performed, but exact D2 lymph node dissection is very difficult for a variety of vessels in the transverse colon. Using 3D-CT imaging, we present a case of D2 lymph node dissection where mini-laparotomy transverse colectomy was performedby a small incision similar to that usedin laparoscopic surgery.

Efficient Prediction of Vitamin B Deficiencies via Machine-Learning Using Routine Blood Test Results in Patients With Intense Psychiatric Episode.

Background: Vitamin B deficiency is common worldwide and may lead to psychiatric symptoms; however, vitamin B deficiency epidemiology in patients with intense psychiatric episode has rarely been examined. Moreover, vitamin deficiency testing is costly and time-consuming, which has hampered effectively ruling out vitamin deficiency-induced intense psychiatric symptoms. In this study, we aimed to clarify the epidemiology of these deficiencies and efficiently predict them using machine-learning models from patient characteristics and routine blood test results that can be obtained within one hour.

Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Mogamulizumab in Adults With Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma or Adult T-Cell Lymphoma.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) are rare non-Hodgkin lymphomas commonly expressing C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4). Mogamulizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against CCR4 approved in the United States for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome, the most common forms of CTCL. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and clinical study data from 444 adult patients with ATL or CTCL collected during 6 clinical trials of mogamulizumab were used to construct a population PK model, which was best described by a 2-compartment model with linear clearance.

Exposure-Response Analysis for Mogamulizumab in Adults With Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma.

Mogamulizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against C-C chemokine receptor 4 approved in the United States for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome, the most common forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The exposure-response relationships for efficacy (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall response rate [ORR]) and safety (the 5 most common treatment-related adverse events by Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities [MedDRA] System Organ Class) for 184 patients with CTCL treated with mogamulizumab in a large, registrational clinical trial. Exposure metrics were area under the serum mogamulizumab concentration-time curve over the dose interval at steady state (AUC ) and minimum serum mogamulizumab concentration after the first dose (C ).

Diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in assessing lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer compared with PET.

Background: Although diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) for detecting lymph node (LN) metastasis is reported to be a successful modality for primary malignant tumors, there are few studies relating to esophageal cancer. This study aimed to clarify the diagnostic performance of DWI for assessing LN metastasis compared with positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (eSCC).

Methods: Seventy-six patients with histologically proven eSCC who underwent curative esophagectomy without neoadjuvant treatment were reviewed retrospectively.

Laparoscopic surgery for an esophageal duplication cyst using a near-infrared indocyanine green fluorescence system: A case report.

We herein describe a case of laparoscopic surgery for an esophageal duplication cyst using a near-infrared indocyanine green fluorescence system. A 64-year-old woman with a cystic tumor adjacent to the esophagogastric junction was referred to our hospital for treatment. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and abdominal CT revealed a 70-mm submucosal tumor derived from the abdominal esophagus.

Etiology and management of low anterior resection syndrome based on the normal defecation mechanism.

Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) commonly develops after an anal sphincter-preserving operation (SPO). The etiology of LARS is not well understood, as the anatomical components and physiological function of normal defecation, which may be damaged during the SPO, are not well established. SPOs may damage components of the anal canal (such as the internal anal sphincter, longitudinal conjoint muscle, or hiatal ligament), either mechanically or via injury to the nerves that supply these organs.

Hepatic blood flow by perfusion computed tomography as an imaging biomarker for patients with gastric cancer.

Perfusion computed tomography (PCT) is a less invasive imaging modality that provides information about tissue hemodynamics at the capillary level. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between hepatic perfusion and gastric cancer progression. A total of 136 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were evaluated in the present study.

[D2 Lymph Node Dissection in Mini-Laparotomy Transverse Colectomy Using Non-Contrast Simulation CT Colonography].

Background And Purpose: It is reported that simulation computed tomography colonography(S-CTC), which combines CTC and 3-dimensional(3D)vascular imaging, is useful in colorectal cancer surgery. However, it is difficult to create 3D vascular images using non-contrast CT. Laparoscopic transverse colectomy is said to be technically difficult.

[Partial Gastrectomy for Elderly Patients with Early-Stage Gastric Cancer].

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of partial gastrectomy on postoperative outcomes in elderly patients with gastric cancer. Sixty -three consecutive elderly patients aged 75 years and older with histologically proven Stage ⅠA gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent partial gastrectomy(PG, n=7)or normal gastrectomy(NG, n=56)were investigated. PG was performed by segmental gastrectomy or local gastrectomy due to poor performance status, severe comorbidities, and social background instead of normal gastrectomy(distal, proximal, and total gastrectomy).

Suppressed Triplet Exciton Diffusion Due to Small Orbital Overlap as a Key Design Factor for Ultralong-Lived Room-Temperature Phosphorescence in Molecular Crystals.

Persistent room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) under ambient conditions is attracting attention due to its strong potential for applications in bioimaging, sensing, or optical recording. Molecular packing leading to a rigid crystalline structure that minimizes nonradiative pathways from triplet state is often investigated for efficient RTP. However, for complex conjugated systems a key strategy to suppress the nonradiative deactivation is not found yet.

An increase in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio during adjuvant chemotherapy indicates a poor prognosis in patients with stage II or III gastric cancer.

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with poor prognoses in patients with gastric cancer; however, few studies have focused on the dynamic changes in these ratios during the treatment of patients with gastric cancer. Here, we assessed the clinical utility of changes in these ratios as prognostic indicators in patients with stage II or III gastric cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 100 patients who received S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy at ≥70% of the relative dose intensity, and their NLRs and PLRs were evaluated at different times: prior to gastrectomy and upon commencement and termination of adjuvant chemotherapy.