Newly emerged T2 high-signal intensity area mimicking oligodendroglioma expansion on intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging: A case report.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an indispensable tool in neurosurgery, though it sometimes faces challenges such as "tumor mimicry." While intraoperative MRI (iMRI) is widely recognized for its usefulness in achieving maximal safe resection during glioma surgery, instances of tumor mimicry still occur on iMRI. Moreover, reports on tumor mimics observed through iMRI, particularly in low-grade gliomas, remain scarce.

The Safety of Intraoperative Photodynamic Diagnosis Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Combined with Talaporfin Sodium Photodynamic Therapy in Recurrent High-Grade Glioma.

Background: Intraoperative photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a widely adopted technique to enhance the extent of resection during high-grade glioma (HGG) surgery. Recent updates to the package insert for 5-ALA in Japan now allow its use in combination with drugs that may induce photosensitivity, such as talaporfin sodium (TS). TS is employed in intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) and has been shown to improve overall survival.

An analytical method using salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction to quantify ceftriaxone from micro volumes of human serum.

Ceftriaxone (CTRX) is a commonly used cephalosporin antibiotic. It is suggested that monitoring plasma/serum concentrations is helpful for its safe use. This study aimed to develop and validate an analytical method for measuring CTRX concentrations in human serum according to International Conference on Harmonization guideline M10.

Recent Status of Phase I Clinical Trials for Brain Tumors: A Regulatory Science Study of Exploratory Efficacy Endpoints.

Background: Appropriate exploratory efficacy data from Phase I trials are vital for subsequent phases. Owing to the uniqueness of brain tumors (BTs), use of different strategies to evaluate efficacy is warranted. We studied exploratory efficacy evaluation in Phase I trials involving BTs.

H3 K27-altered diffuse midline glioma in adults arising from atypical regions: Two case reports and literature review.

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3 K27-altered, is a newly defined "pediatric-type," diffuse, high-grade glioma under current WHO classifications (updated in 2021). An essential diagnostic criteria of DMG is its occurrence in the midline structures; most intracranial DMG occurs in the brainstem or thalamus but can also occur in other midline structures. We experienced 2 adult cases of intracranial DMGs in areas other than the brainstem and thalamus that were initially difficult to diagnose.

P53-negative status and gross total resection as predictive factors for autologous tumor vaccine treatment in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients.

Background: Among primary brain tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive in adults, with limited treatment options. Our previous study showed that autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine (AFTV) contributed to prognostic improvements in newly diagnosed GBM patients. However, some patients died early despite the treatment.

Acute cerebral hemorrhage mimicking glioblastoma on intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging: A case report.

Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) is important in neurosurgical practice, especially for glioma surgery. However, the well-reported possibility to mistake lesions for brain tumors (tumor mimics) with MRI also exists for iMRI. Here, we first report a case of glioblastoma with acute cerebral hemorrhage that mimicked a newly emerged brain tumor on iMRI.

Sclerosing meningioma with a large peritumoral cyst: Case report.

Meningioma morphology is diverse. Although unlisted in the WHO classification, sclerosing meningioma is a rare variation featuring an extremely low signal intensity on MRI T2-weighted imaging. About 50 cases of sclerosing meningiomas, including spinal tumors, have been reported; however, cases with an accompanying large peritumoral cyst remain unreported.

Hemorrhagic Complications After Brain Tumor Biopsy: Risk-Reduction Strategies Based on Safer Biopsy Targets and Techniques.

Objective: Brain tumor biopsies are essential for pathologic diagnosis. However, hemorrhagic complications after biopsies may occur, leading to suboptimal outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the associated factors of hemorrhagic complications after brain tumor biopsies and propose countermeasures.

High-dose proton beam therapy versus conventional fractionated radiation therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a propensity score matching analysis.

Background: High-dose proton beam therapy (PBT) uses excellent dose concentricity based on the unique characteristic termed the Bragg peak. PBT is a highly feasible treatment option that improves survival in select patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). However, selection bias remains an issue in prior studies that evaluated the efficacy of PBT.

Efficacy Endpoints in Phase II Clinical Trials for Meningioma: An Analysis of Recent Clinical Trials.

Background: Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)-based response rates are commonly used as efficacy endpoints in phase II clinical trials for solid tumors. However, no consensus has been reached concerning adequate efficacy endpoints for phase II clinical trials targeting meningioma. Irregularity of lesions after resection, and varying degrees of dysplasia and histologic subtypes make establishing an appropriate efficacy evaluation difficult.

Frontal sinus giant osteoma with radiologically unusual component suggesting blood supply: A case report.

Osteoma is a common, slow growing bone tumor, and often affects the paranasal sinus. Typically, it shows a very hyperdense osseous lesion on computed tomography (CT) scan and low-intensity change on T2-weighted image on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). No report has mentioned osteomas in blood supply on MRI.

Levetiracetam Versus Levetiracetam Plus Sodium Channel Blockers for Postoperative Epileptic Seizure Prevention in Brain Tumor Patients.

Background Brain tumor patients tend to develop postoperative epileptic seizures, which can lead to an unfavorable outcome. Although the incidence of postoperative epileptic seizures and adverse events are improved with the advent of levetiracetam (LEV), postoperative epilepsy occurs at a frequency of 4.6% or higher.

Maximum resection and immunotherapy improve glioblastoma patient survival: a retrospective single-institution prognostic analysis.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a refractory disease with a poor prognosis and various methods, including maximum resection and immunotherapy, have been tested to improve outcomes. In this retrospective study we analyzed the prognostic factors of 277 newly diagnosed GBM patients over 11 years of consecutive cases at our institution to evaluate the effect of these methods on prognosis. Various data, including the extent of removal (EOR) and type of adjuvant therapy, were examined and prognostic relationships were analyzed.

Hemagglutinating virus of Japan-envelope containing programmed cell death-ligand 1 siRNA inhibits immunosuppressive activities and elicits antitumor immune responses in glioma.

The programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway is involved in preventing immune system-mediated destruction of malignant tumors including glioblastoma. However, the therapeutic influence of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition alone in glioblastoma is limited. To develop effective combination therapy involving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition, we used a non-replicating virus-derived vector, hemagglutinating virus of Japan-envelope (HVJ-E), to inhibit tumor cell PD-L1 expression by delivering siRNA targeting PD-L1.

Infiltration of CD163-positive macrophages in glioma tissues after treatment with anti-PD-L1 antibody and role of PI3Kγ inhibitor as a combination therapy with anti-PD-L1 antibody in in vivo model using temozolomide-resistant murine glioma-initiating cells.

Although chemoimmunotherapy often lengthens glioblastoma (GBM) survival, early relapses remain problematic as immunosuppressive M2 macrophages (Mϕ) that function via inhibitory cytokine and PD-L1 production cause immunotherapy resistance. Here, we detail anti-PD-L1 antibody effects on the tumor microenvironment, including Mϕ infiltration, using a temozolomide (TMZ)-treated glioma model. In addition, we tested combinations of anti-PD-L1 antibody and the M2Mϕ inhibitor IPI-549 on tumor growth.

Stroke Mimics and Accuracy of Referrals Made by Emergency Department Doctors in Japan for Patients with Suspected Stroke.

Background: Stroke mimics (SMs)are medical conditions that are at first considered to be of cerebrovascular etiology but turn out to be a condition other than stroke. While many reports on SMs have been published, there have been none from Japan. Thus, we sought to assess the current state of SMs in a Japanese population.

Regular medications prescribed to elderly neurosurgical inpatients and the impact of hospitalization on potentially inappropriate medications.

This study aimed to evaluate the regular medications prescribed to elderly neurosurgical inpatients in community hospitals in Japan. Elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years) who had been admitted to neurosurgery departments from April 2015 to March 2017 were enrolled in this study. We collected data on regular medications at the time of admission and discharge.

Delayed Brain Edema and Swelling following Craniectomy for Evacuation of an Epidural Abscess that Improved by Cranioplasty: Case Report.

We report a unique case of delayed brain swelling following craniectomy that improved rapidly after cranioplasty, and discuss the potential mechanism underlying this delayed and reversible brain swelling. A 22-year-old woman developed surgical site infection after removal of a convexity meningioma. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an epidural abscess around the surgical site.

Radiation-induced angiosarcoma of the brain.

Primary angiosarcoma of the central nervous systemis unusual.We encountered a case of radiation-induced angiosarcoma of the brain. A 65-year-old male was referred to our hospital with drowsiness for the last 6 months.