Effect of gamma irradiation on the proteogenome of cold-acclimated Kocuria rhizophila PT10.

The effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on the protein dynamics of cold-stressed cells of a radioresistant actinobacterium, Kocuria rhizophila PT10, isolated from the rhizosphere of the desert plant Panicum turgidum were investigated using a shotgun methodology based on nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, 1487 proteins were certified, and their abundances were compared between the irradiated condition and control. IR of cold-acclimated PT10 triggered the over-abundance of proteins involved in (1) a strong transcriptional regulation, (2) amidation of peptidoglycan and preservation of cell envelope integrity, (3) detoxification of reactive electrophiles and regulation of the redox status of proteins, (4) base excision repair and prevention of mutagenesis and (5) the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and production of fatty acids.

Developing a new host-vector system for .

spp. are known for their radiation resistance, toxic compound removal, and production of valuable substances. Therefore, developing gene expression systems for spp.

Development of a simple multiple mutation detection system using seed-coat flavonoid pigments in irradiated Arabidopsis M plants.

Ionizing radiation induces genetic variations in plants, which makes it useful for plant breeding. A theory that the induced mutations occur randomly in the genome has long been accepted, but is now controversial. Nevertheless, a comparative analysis of the mutations at multiple loci has not been conducted using irradiated M genomes that contain all types of mutations.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Radioresistant Bacterium Deinococcus aetherius ST0316, Isolated from Air Dust Collected in the Lower Stratosphere above Japan.

Deinococcus aetherius ST0316 is a radioresistant bacterium that possess proficient DNA repair capacity. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of D. aetherius, which was obtained by hybrid assembly using short- and long-read sequencing.

Mutation Analysis of the Gene in the Radiation-Resistant Bacterium R1 Exposed to Space during the Tanpopo Experiment at the International Space Station.

To investigate microbial viability and DNA damage, dried cell pellets of the radiation-resistant bacterium were exposed to various space environmental conditions at the Exposure Facility of the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Tanpopo mission. Mutation analysis was done by sequencing the gene encoding RNA polymerase β-subunit of the rifampicin-resistant mutants. Samples included bacteria exposed to the space environment with and without exposure to UV radiation as well as control samples held in the ISS cabin and at ground.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Cesium-Accumulating Bacterium Rhodococcus qingshengii CS98, Isolated from Soil in Japan.

CS98 is a bacterium isolated from soil in Japan that shows strong cesium-accumulating ability. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of (6.7 Mb), which may provide useful genetic information supporting its bioremediation features.

DNA Damage and Survival Time Course of Deinococcal Cell Pellets During 3 Years of Exposure to Outer Space.

The hypothesis called "panspermia" proposes an interplanetary transfer of life. Experiments have exposed extremophilic organisms to outer space to test microbe survivability and the panspermia hypothesis. Microbes inside shielding material with sufficient thickness to protect them from UV-irradiation can survive in space.

Draft Genome Sequence of Calcium-Dependent sp. Strain TCA1, Isolated from a Hot Spring Containing a High Concentration of Calcium Ions.

Calcium-dependent sp. strain TCA1 was newly isolated from a water sample from a hot spring containing a high concentration of calcium ions. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this bacterium, which may be the basis for research on calcium ion homeostasis.

Complete Genome Sequence of a Radioresistant Bacterial Strain, Deinococcus grandis ATCC 43672.

is a radioresistant bacterial species isolated from freshwater fish. In this article, we report the complete genome sequence of strain ATCC 43672. This sequence is useful for comparative genomics to understand the traits of species and can be used as a reference in experimental genetics.

Sensitivity of deletion mutant to calcium ions results in enhanced spheroplast size.

RodZ is a cytoskeletal protein associated with bacterial cell shape. It is a transmembrane protein located on the plasma membrane, and it binds to another cytoskeletal protein MreB. contains a homolog.

Pol B, a Family B DNA Polymerase, in Thermococcus kodakarensis is Important for DNA Repair, but not DNA Replication.

Thermococcus kodakarensis possesses two DNA polymerases, Pol B and Pol D. We generated a T. kodakarensis strain (DPB1) in which polB was completely deleted and a derivative of DPB1 in which polB was overexpressed; neither of the generated strains exhibited any growth delay, indicating that the lack or overexpression of Pol B in T.

Extended structure of pleiotropic DNA repair-promoting protein PprA from Deinococcus radiodurans.

Pleiotropic protein promoting DNA repair A (PprA) is a key protein facilitating the extreme radiation resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans. PprA is a unique protein to the genus Deinococcus and exists as an oligomer ranging from a tetramer to an ∼100-mer depending on protein concentrations. Here, the X-ray crystal structure of PprA was determined to clarify how PprA confers radiation resistance.

Enlargement of Deinococcus grandis spheroplasts requires Mg or Ca.

While the cell wall strictly controls cell size and morphology in bacteria, spheroplasts lack cell walls and can become enlarged in growth medium under optimal conditions. Optimal conditions depend on the bacterial species. We frequently observed extreme enlargement of spheroplasts of the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus grandis in Difco Marine Broth 2216, but not in TGY broth (a commonly used growth medium for Deinococcus).

Draft Genome Sequence of the Radioresistant Bacterium Deinococcus aerius TR0125, Isolated from the High Atmosphere above Japan.

strain TR0125 is a bacterium isolated from the high atmosphere above Japan that shows strong resistance to desiccation, UV-C, and gamma radiation. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of (4.5 Mb), which may provide useful genetic information supporting its biochemical features.

Evaluation of metabolic changes in oxalate-rich plant Rumex obtusifolius L. caused by ion beam irradiation.

Some Rumex species such as sorrel are edible as baby leaf salad greens. On the other hand, Rumex plants accumulate soluble oxalate, a toxic metabolite which causes serious diseases such as renal syndrome. We attempted to produce low-oxalate plants of R.

PprM, a Cold Shock Domain-Containing Protein from , Confers Oxidative Stress Tolerance to .

is a representative microorganism that is frequently used for industrial biotechnology; thus its cellular robustness should be enhanced for the widespread application of in biotechnology. Stress response genes from the extremely radioresistant bacterium have been used to enhance the stress tolerance of . In the present study, we introduced the cold shock domain-containing protein PprM from into and observed that the tolerance to hydrogen peroxide (HO) was significantly increased in recombinant strains (Ec-PprM).

Draft Genome Sequence of the Radioresistant Bacterium Deinococcus grandis, Isolated from Freshwater Fish in Japan.

Deinococcus grandis is a radioresistant bacterium isolated from freshwater fish in Japan. Here we reported the draft genome sequence of D. grandis (4.

DNA Gyrase of Deinococcus radiodurans is characterized as Type II bacterial topoisomerase and its activity is differentially regulated by PprA in vitro.

The multipartite genome of Deinococcus radiodurans forms toroidal structure. It encodes topoisomerase IB and both the subunits of DNA gyrase (DrGyr) while lacks other bacterial topoisomerases. Recently, PprA a pleiotropic protein involved in radiation resistance in D.

Arabidopsis pab1, a mutant with reduced anthocyanins in immature seeds from banyuls, harbors a mutation in the MATE transporter FFT.

Forward genetics approaches have helped elucidate the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in plants. Here, we used the Arabidopsis banyuls (ban) mutant, which accumulates anthocyanins, instead of colorless proanthocyanidin precursors, in immature seeds. In contrast to standard screens for mutants lacking anthocyanins in leaves/stems, we mutagenized ban plants and screened for mutants showing differences in pigmentation of immature seeds.

Draft Genome Sequence of Methylobacterium sp. ME121, Isolated from Soil as a Mixed Single Colony with Kaistia sp. 32K.

Methylobacterium sp. ME121 was isolated from soil as a mixed single colony with Kaistia sp. 32K, and its growth was enhanced by coculture.

DNA repair in hyperthermophilic and hyperradioresistant microorganisms.

The genome of a living cell is continuously under attack by exogenous and endogenous genotoxins. Especially, life at high temperature inflicts additional stress on genomic DNA, and very high rates of potentially mutagenic DNA lesions, including deamination, depurination, and oxidation, are expected. However, the spontaneous mutation rates in hyperthermophiles are similar to that in Escherichia coli, and it is interesting to determine how the hyperthermophiles preserve their genomes under such grueling environmental conditions.

Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus alcalophilus AV1934, a Classic Alkaliphile Isolated from Human Feces in 1934.

Bacillus alcalophilus AV1934, isolated from human feces, was described in 1934 before microbiome studies and recent indications of novel potassium ion coupling to motility in this extremophile. Here, we report draft sequences that will facilitate an examination of whether that coupling is part of a larger cycle of potassium ion-coupled transporters.

Draft Genome Sequence of Calcium-Dependent Paenibacillus sp. Strain TCA20, Isolated from a Hot Spring Containing a High Concentration of Calcium Ions.

Calcium-dependent Paenibacillus sp. strain TCA20 was isolated from a water sample of a hot spring containing a high concentration of calcium ions. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this bacterium, which may be the basis for the research of calcium ion homeostasis.

Interaction of double-stranded DNA with polymerized PprA protein from Deinococcus radiodurans.

Pleiotropic protein promoting DNA repair A (PprA) is a key protein that facilitates the extreme radioresistance of Deinococcus radiodurans. To clarify the role of PprA in the radioresistance mechanism, the interaction between recombinant PprA expressed in Escherichia coli with several double-stranded DNAs (i.e.