[Antiviral activity and possible mechanisms of action of moraprenil phosphates during experimental infection caused by herpes simplex type 1 virus].

Aim: Study of antiviral activity of moraprenil phosphates (MPP) against herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV1) in vitro and during experimental infection caused by HSV1 in mice.

Materials And Methods: Activity of MPP in vitro was tested by the ability to suppress formation of symplasts in VERO cells infected with HSV1, strain VR-3. A series of MPP that suppress virus-induced symplast-formation by 30 times was selected for in vivo experiments.

[Structural changes of the adrenal cortex in experimental genital herpes virus infection].

The reactive changes in the adrenal gland cortex were studied in mature female guinea pigs (n=5) in an experimental model of acute genital herpes virus infection. The methods of light and transmission electron microscopy were used. To confirm the presence of viral antigen in the corticosterocytes (CSC), the methods of immunfluorescence and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry were used.

[Antiviral activity of polyprenylphosphates in experimental infection caused by hepatitis C virus in vitro].

Aim: Study antiviral effect of sodium polyprenylphosphate (PPP) in experimental infection model caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) in cell culture.

Materials And Methods: Cytopathogenic variant of HCV isolated from blood serum of a chronically infected patient was used. HCV infectious dose was 10.

[Antiviral and immunomodulating activity of polyprenyl phosphates in viral infections].

Expressed antiviral activity of Fortepren (FP) and Gamapren (GP), polyprenyl phosphate (PPP)-contaning agents, was demonstrated in experiments on mice infected with the human herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV1) or the vernal encephalitis virus (VEV). Since both the viral infections are of great social significance, the PPP-containing agents should be considered prospective for the medical practice. The experimental data suggested that both the drugs considerably inhibited the VEV infectiousness in the susceptible cell culture.

[Moraprenylphosphates suppress reproduction of Taylor murine encephalomyelitis virus and accumulation of VP3 viral protein in susceptible cell cultures BHK-21 and P388D1].

Influence of moraprenylphosphates (phosphorylated polyprenol of plant origin) upon the accumulation of Taylor murine encephalomyelitis virus VP3 protein in the susceptible cell cultures was studied. It has been shown that moraprenylphosphates inhibited the accumulation of VP3 at early stages of infectious process. Moraprenylphosphates were found to decrease infectivity of the virus as well as virus-induced cellular apoptosis.

[The correction action of Phosprenyl and Gamavit on the functional activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages in response to high doses of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin].

The study of the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice at different stages of the toxic action caused by S. aureus alpha-toxin (ST) was carried out. The analysis of the dynamics of toxic reaction revealed the main critical points of triggering necrotic processes: the first hour and day 2.

[Immune and interferon status of primates].

The authors of the article have first determined standards of interferon (IFN) status of healthy primates (M. mullatta) belonging to different age groups, such as serum IFN, spontaneous IFN production, IFN-a and IFN-y production. They showed that old healthy primates have low ability of IFN-a and IFN-y production and high serum IFN level.

[The capacity of fusicoccin for inducing the synthesis of early interferon].

The response of human and animal cells to the action of fusicoccin (FC), a fungal metabolite with phytohormonal properties, was evaluated. The capacity of FC for inducing the synthesis of early interferon (IFN), supplied into the blood serum of common white mice, and for enhancing the natural cytotoxic activity of human lymphocytes in vitro was established. The metabolism of actively proliferating monocytic leukemia cells J-96 and human ovarian carcinoma cells CaOv, as well as mouse fibroblasts L-929, was found to be inhibited under the in vitro action of FC.

[Capacity of fusicoccin for inducing the production of early interferon].

The response of human and animal cells to the action of fusicoccyne (FC), a fungal metabolite with phytohormonal properties, was evaluated. As shown by in vitro studies, FC had the capacity to induce the production of early interferon (IFN) in the blood serum of non-inbred white mice and to enhance the natural cytotoxic activity of human lymphocytes. In vitro experiments also revealed that the action of FC inhibited the metabolism of actively proliferating monocytic leukemia cells J-96 and human ovarian carcinoma cells CaOv, as well as mouse fibroblasts L-929.

[Features of interferon and cytokine production in genital herpes].

The impaired production of INFs and of other cytokines at different stages of their synthesis in patients with genital herpes before and after treatment were shown to reflect the specificity of the immune response in the mentioned pathology. An activation of the cellular and humoral immunity according to the Th1 and Th2 types was observed in patients with genital herpes. The stimulated activity of Th1, B-lymphocytes and of natural killers (NK) as well as suppression of Th2 occurred in the initial treatment stage by acyclovir (10 days), which brought about a positive clinical effect in a majority of cases.

[Effect of tetracycline on the hepatitis C virus propagation and levels of cytokine mRNA in infected SW-13 and MT-4 cells].

An experimental HCV-infection model was used in vitro to study the influence of tetracycline on the reproduction of the HCV-infection accompanied by a simultaneous analysis, by using the methods of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), of the mRNA activity, i.e. alpha-IFN, gamma-IFN, 1 beta-IFN, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-alpha.

[Antiviral effect of alpha-interferon and cytokine mRNA level in cell cultures infected with a cytopathogenic variant of the hepatitis C virus].

An experimental model of the viral C-hepatitis (VCH) infection was worked out in vitro and it was found suitable to study the influence of interferon (IFN) preparations produced on the infection caused by an HCV cytopathogenic variations, i.e. the SW-13 human adrenocarcinoma cellular culture sensitive to the anti-VCH action of alpha-IFN and the MT-4 human lymphoblastoid cellular culture non-sensitive to the anti-VCH action of alpha-IFN.

[Ani immunomodulator Hepon inhibits hepatitis C virus replication in human cell cultures in vitro].

Antiviral activity of immunomodulator "Hepon" was evaluated in human cells culture infected with hepatitis C virus. "Hepon" presence protected human cells SW-13 from cytopathogenic effect of hepatitis C virus. Maximum antiviral effect was demonstrated by "Hepon" at concentration 1 mcg/mL.

[Effect of interferon inductors on infection induced by hepatitis C virus and activity of mRNA cytokines in cell cultures SW-13 and MT-4].

An experimental model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in cell culture in vitro was used to study the influence of interferon (IFN) inducers on HCV infection activity. In combination with the RT-PCR method, this model was also used to study the dynamics of cytokine mRNA activity for IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-I beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, BL-10, IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-alpha. The research was carried out using long-term cell cultures SW-13 (human paradrenal adenocarcinoma cells) and MT-4 (human cells of lymphoblastoid origin) inoculated with HCV under conditions of acute infection.

[Clinico-immunological comparisons in evaluation of interferon system functioning in patients with multiple sclerosis].

In search for rational approach for immunotherapy individualization in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) assigned to interferon (IFN) treatment, an evaluation of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma production by peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) under standard induction and exogenous IFN priming in comparison with clinical characteristics was made. Fifteen patients with MS (6 males and 9 females, aged 25-58 years) with verified diagnosis of MS were examined. IFN production priming allowed to obtain characteristics of IFN system deficiency, which could not be detected by standard induction methods.

[Identification of genes induced to chondrocytes by nitric oxide].

Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a short-lived paracrine factor and selectively activates transcription of certain genes. The spectrum of inducible genes was studied in primary chondrocytes. A cDNA library was obtained by subtraction hybridization with RNAs isolated from rabbit chondrocytes before and after treatment with nitrosoglutathione, an NO-generating agent.

[The effect of Kagocel on herpes virus reproduction].

The effect of an original drug Kagocel on the reproduction of Herpes simplex virus including its mutant strains resistant to basic antiherpetic medicine Acyclovir was evaluated. Kagocel was shown to have a low cytotoxic effect on Vero cell and inhibited reproduction of Herpes virus type 1 and Herpes virus type 2 in noncytotoxic concentrations. Kagocel was also demonstrated to inhibit the reproduction of Herpes virus type 1, resistant to combination of Acyclovir and phosphonoacetic acid.

[Relationship between interferon priming effect and functional activity of human blood cells].

Relationship between the priming effects of interferon (IFN)-alpha and -gamma and the standard IFN production by peripheral blood leukocytes was evaluated in 25 volunteers (13 men and 12 women, mean age 35.3 years). Priming of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma production positively correlated with the standard IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma synthesis, respectively.

[Cytokine production by blood cells in herpes, hepatitis C, and other diseases].

A new method for simultaneous evaluation of interferon and cytokine production by human blood cells is developed. Study of interferon and cytokine status helps evaluate the possibility of correction of the detected disorders by immunomodulating agents.

[The preparation phosprenyl suppresses diarrhea and cattle infectious rhinotracheitis virus multiplication in sensitive cell cultures].

Fosprenil suppressed the multiplication of cattle diarrhea virus in calf coronary vessel cell culture. Added to the culture of infected cells in a dose of 200 mg, the drug decreased the virus titer 30-fold in comparison with infected control cultures. Antiviral activity of fosprenil towards infective rhinotracheitis virus multiplication was still higher: in a dose of 100 mg it decreased the virus titer in fetal calf lung culture 100-fold in comparison with the control.

[Cellular sensitivity to the effect of interferon during different forms of viral pathology].

A new approach to evaluation of interferon (IFN) status of patients with acute respiratory viral infections, herpes, and urogenital infections has been developed. It consists in measurement of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma production by leukocytes primed with IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma, respectively, and subsequent identification of groups of patients whose lymphocytes differ by their in vitro response to IFN priming: sensitive to IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma; sensitive to IFN-alpha but not to IFN-gamma; sensitive to IFN-gamma but not to IFN-alpha; not sensitive to IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma. Such analysis helps understand the mechanisms of IFN system deficiency in infectious diseases and promotes more effective IFN therapy due to selection of patients whose cells retain in vitro sensitivity to a certain IFN type.

[Protective effect of a new antiviral preparation of phosprenyl in experimental tick-borne encephalitis].

Antiviral activity of phosprenyl was studied in BALB/c mice infected with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus. Up to 60% animals infected with TBE virus survived after 1-3 intramuscular injections of phosprenyl. The mortality in the untreated group infected with the virus was 100%.