Risk factors associated with prevalence, its antibiotic resistance, and egg antibiotic residues in the layer farming environment.

Background And Aim: Human salmonellosis with non-typhoidal remains a global public health concern related to the consumption of contaminated eggs and egg-based products. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of , antimicrobial-resistant , and egg antibiotic residues concerning risk factors associated with contamination in eggs, the layer farming environment, and laying hens kept in battery-cage closed-housing systems.

Materials And Methods: This study used a repeated cross-sectional design to collect 488 samples from eggs, laying hens, and the farm environment on one laying farm for detection according to ISO 6579:2002/AMD 1:2007.