Inflammatory Rhabdomyoblastic Tumor: Clinicopathologic and Molecular Analysis of 13 Cases.

Inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumors (IRMTs) are newly recognized skeletal muscle tumors with uncertain malignant potential. We investigated 13 IRMTs using clinicopathologic, genetic, and epigenetic methods. The cohort included 7 men and 6 women, aged 23 to 80 years (median, 50 years), of whom 2 had neurofibromatosis type 1.

Efficacy of second and subsequent lines of chemotherapy for recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer.

Objective: The increase in treatment options resulted in successful treatment with multiple lines of chemotherapy for recurrent and metastatic (RM) head and neck cancer (HNC). The present study aimed to elucidate the beneficial effect of successive treatment for RM-HNC.

Methods: We included 78 patients with RM-HNC who received one or multiple lines of chemotherapy from January 2008 to December 2019.

Ultrasonography findings in immunoglobulin G4-related lymphadenopathy: a report of two cases.

Lymphadenopathy is frequently observed in immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease in some cases, and such cases are known as IgG4-related lymphadenopathy. The ultrasonography findings associated with IgG4-related lymphadenopathy have not been described in previous reports. Herein, we describe ultrasonography findings in two cases of IgG4-related lymphadenopathy in conjunction with histopathological findings.

Clinical efficacy of novel elastography using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) for diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules.

Objective: Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is a recent ultrasound elastography technique; consequently, its efficacy is not fully known. In this study, we compared ARFI imaging with conventional strain elastography (SE) and shear wave velocities (SWVs) to evaluate the utility of ARFI imaging for diagnosing thyroid nodules.

Subjects And Methods: In this study we examined 233 thyroid nodules (183 benign nodules and 50 malignant nodules) isolated from human patients.

Preoperative predictors of difficult hypopharyngeal exposure by retractor for transoral robotic surgery.

Introduction: Transoral endoscopic surgeries provide excellent oncologic outcomes while preserving speech and swallowing ability. However, feasibility has been a major concern about transoral surgery. Therefore, ensuring visualization of the surgical field and sufficient working space is required.

Immunohistochemical Features of Primary Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Thyroid: An Autopsy Case.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the thyroid is extremely rare and has been reported in < 1% of all thyroid cancer cases. Primary SCC in the thyroid was thought to be a transitional form derived from adenocarcinomas; therefore, the majority of reported cases have focused on the conjunction with other histological adenocarcinomas. A 73-year-old male presented to our hospital with bilateral vocal fold palsy and an anterior neck mass.

Lenvatinib for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer and Lenvatinib-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction.

Background: Lenvatinib is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has an anticancer action in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer that is refractory to radioiodine. Knowledge of the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is limited. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors frequently cause hypothyroidism, but the incidence of hypothyroidism with lenvatinib is unclear.

Significant Amelioration of Tracheal Stenosis following Lenvatinib in a Patient Who Has Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma with Bronchomediastinal Infiltration: A Case Report.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma has an extremely poor prognosis, and no known drugs have exhibited acceptable efficacy. In recent years, novel anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed. We encountered a case of tracheal stenosis due to mediastinal and tracheal infiltration of anaplastic carcinoma for which lenvatinib exhibited remarkable effects; owing to this, airway management could be performed, even though the patient's condition was considered critical.

Modifications to the Fenestration Approach for Arytenoid Adduction Under Local Anesthesia.

Objective: We modified the fenestration approach for arytenoid adduction to make it easier to perform the surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of our modifications, which included (1) use of an Alexis wound retractor (Applied Medical) to secure the surgical field through a small incision, and (2) use of a 12-mm, 1/2 R, insert-molded taper needle with 3-0 nylon suture to prevent damage to the arytenoid cartilage.

Study Design: This is a retrospective non-randomized observational cross-sectional study.

Post-laryngectomy voice rehabilitation with a voice prosthesis in a young girl with advanced thyroid cancer.

The aim of this report is to evaluate the effects of voice rehabilitation with a voice prosthesis in a young patient with thyroid cancer. A 17-year-old girl underwent voice restoration with a voice prosthesis after laryngectomy to treat thyroid cancer. She completed voice-related questionnaires (the Voice Handicap Index-10 and Voice-Related Quality Of Life Survey) at ages 17 and 21 and underwent phonetic functional evaluation.

Subglottic laryngeal closure: a unique modified method of laryngotracheal separation to prevent aspiration.

Objectives: Laryngotracheal separation (LTS) is an ideal surgical method for intractable aspiration; however, the oral side of the tracheal stump can easily disintegrate. Therefore, we developed a modified LTS method. We performed subglottic laryngeal closure (SGLC) as a new surgical method and evaluated the outcomes.

Pathological consideration of tracheo-innominate artery fistula with a case report.

Objectives: Tracheo-innominate artery fistula (TIF) is a rare but life-threatening complication of tracheostomy. There are many reports about TIF but the mechanism of TIF formation remains poorly documented. Our objective is to investigate the TIF pathologically and suggest the possible mechanism of TIF formation.

New method for in-office secondary voice prosthesis insertion under local anesthesia by reverse puncture from esophageal lumen.

Objectives: We clarify and demonstrate the utility of our new method of voice prosthesis insertion using puncture from the esophageal lumen.

Methods: Our new reverse puncture method using a flexible endoscope can be performed in an outpatient clinic under local anesthesia. We conducted a clinical trial with patients with head and neck cancer between April 2010 and February 2012.

Fetal anatomy of the lower cervical and upper thoracic fasciae with special reference to the prevertebral fascial structures including the suprapleural membrane.

The aim of this study was to find basic rules governing the fetal anatomy of the deep cervical fasciae and their connections to the mediastinal fasciae. We examined the histology of paraffin-embedded preparations of 18 mid-term fetuses (5 between 9 and 12 weeks of gestation, 3 between 15 and 18 weeks, and 10 between 20 and 25 weeks). The prevertebral lamina of the deep cervical fasciae (PLDCF) developed as an intermediate aponeurosis for the bilateral bellies of the longus colli muscles.

Fetal anatomy of the human carotid sheath and structures in and around it.

The aim of this study was to find basic rules governing the morphological development of the typical neurovascular sheath. We carried out histological examination of 15 paraffin-embedded mid-term fetuses at 9-25 weeks of gestation (three fetuses each at 9, 12, 15, 20, and 25 weeks). As the result, the vagus nerve showed a high propensity to change its topographical relationship with the common carotid artery (CCA) during 9-20 weeks of gestation: that is, from a primitive ventral course to a final dorsal course.