Failure to produce axon reflex-sweating in the volar skin of Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) and crab-eating monkey (Macaca irus).

The functional properties of the sweat glands and their innervation in the volar skin of three Japanese monkeys and two crab-eating monkeys were investigated. The sweat glands responded to both cholinomimetic and adrenomimetic agents, the former being highly predominant in the sudorific effect. Spontaneous emotional sweating was strongly or completely inhibited by atropine at 10(-8)-10(-7) g/ml, but not by dihydroergotamine at 10(-5)-10(-4) g/ml.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without asymmetric hypertrophy.

A 49-year-old women with congestive heart failure and heart block died of cerebral embolism. Clinical and echocardiographic findings suggested a diagnosis of atypical dilated cardiomyopathy with predominantly right ventricular involvement. At necropsy, all the cardiac chambers were slightly dilated and the interventricular septum and the left ventricular wall were of normal thickness and symmetry.

Morphological evidence for the innervation of apocrine sweat glands in the general hairy skin of the goat.

A histomorphological and histochemical study was made on the nerve supply to the apocrine sweat glands in the general hairy skin of the goat. In harmony with the previous report that the sweat glands in the goat are functionally under the control of sympathetic nervous system, the present study clearly demonstrates cholinesterase-reactive nerve fibers that closely surround the secretory portion of these glands in most of the hairy skin area, though the nerve network is fairly coarse. Analysis with cholinesterase inhibitors indicated that the sudomotor nerves in the goat contain both specific and non-specific cholinesterase.

An experimental study on the effect of plasma expanders on blood coagulability.

The effect of various plasma expanders on blood coagulation was studied using the thromboelastography (TEG). Solutions of 5, 10, 20, and 50% concentration of each expander (6% low molecular weight hydroxyethyl-starch (6% Hespander), 3% dextran-40, 6% high molecular weight hydroxyethyl-starch (6 HES), and 6% dextran-70) or solvent (lactated Ringer solution and normal saline) in blood were prepared and their coagulability was examined by TEG. In the low molecular weight plasma expanders (6% Hespander and 3% dextran-40), in general, the coagulability decreased when the concentration was increased.

Arthritogenicity in rats of cell walls from several streptococci staphylococci and two other bacteria.

Bacterial cell walls from Str. bovis, Str. lactis, Str.

Induction of adjuvant arthritis in the rat by various bacterial cell walls and their water-soluble components.

A number of purified cell walls of various gram-positive bacteria had arthritogenic activity in the rat. The water-soluble adjuvant-active component(s), which were isolated from some of these cell walls by utilizing a peptidoglycan-degrading enzyme, did produce severe adjuvant arthritis. However, the components obtained by digestion with glycan-degrading enzymes failed to produce arthritis.

Protein-carbohydrate-lipid complex isolated from the cell envelopes of Chlamydia psittaci in alkaline buffer and ethylenediaminetetraacetate.

Exposure of isolated cell envelopes from purified infectious elementary (EB) of Chlamydia psittaci to sodium carbonate-bicarbonate buffer at pH 10 plus ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) results in partial solubilization of the total protein. The released materials represent 20% of the dry weight, 16% of the total protein, 40% of the total carbohydrate, and 9% of the total lipid of the cell envelopes. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and Sephadex G-200, Sepharose 4B, or diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column chromatography, reveal a protein-carbohydrate-lipid complex of several hundred thousand molecular weight that contains 50% protein.

Effect of alkali on the structure of cell envelopes of Chlamydia psittaci elementary bodies.

Suspensions of isolated cell envelopes of infectious elementary bodies (EB) of Chlamydia psittaci at alkaline pH showed a rapid, extensive decrease in absorbance, accompanied by the release of a cell envelope component in a sedimentable form. This phenomenon was observed both at 0 C and with envelopes which had been previously heated to 100 C. Monovalent and divalent cations effectively inhibited the turbidity loss, whereas ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) caused an accelerated decrease in turbidity.

Immunoadjuvant activities of cell walls, their water-soluble fractions and peptidoglycan subunits, prepared from various gram-positive bacteria, and of synthetic n-acetylmuramyl peptides.

1. The cell walls from some 20 species of gram-positive bacteria, with only few exceptions, were found to be definitely adjuvant-active in both stimulation of increased serum antibody levels and induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to ovalbumin when administered to guinea pigs in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion. 2.

Immunoadjuvant activities of peptidoglycan subunits from the cell walls of Staphyloccus aureus and Lactobacillus plantarum.

Attempts were made to isolate and identify the unit chemical structure essential for manifestation of the immunoadjuvant activities characteristic of bacterial cell walls. The N-acetylmuramyl-peptide subunit monomers, Nalpha-(N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-Nepsilon-(glycylglycyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine from the cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus (FDA 209P) and N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid and/or N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanine from those of Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 8014), were shown to be unit chemical entities with definite adjuvant activity both in stimulation of antibody production and in induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to ovalbumin when administered to guinea-pigs as water-in-oil emulsions.

Immunoadjuvant activities of cell walls and their water-soluble fractions prepared from various gram-positive bacteria.

The cell walls from all 21 species of gram-positive bacteria examined, except lysozyme-susceptible Micrococcus lysodeikticus (NCTC 2665) and lysozyme-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 155), were found to be definitely adjuvant-active in both stimulation of increased serum antibody levels and induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to ovalbumin when administered to guinea-pigs as water-in-oil emulsions. Using various cell wall lytic enzymes, the immunoadjuvant principles were solubilized with full retention of the adjuvant activities from walls of Staphylococcus aureus (Copenhagen), Streptococcus pyogens (group A, type 6; S43/100), Streptococcus salivarius (IFO 3350), Streptococcus faecalis (IFO 12580), Streptococcus mutans (BHT), Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 8014), Bacillus megaterium (IFO 12068), Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Park-Williams No. 8), Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Actinomyces viscous (ATCC 15987).