Association between speech rate measures and cognitive function in people with relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis.

Background: Cognitive impairments are well-documented in multiple sclerosis (MS), while speech impairments are often overlooked despite their significant effect on quality of life. For effective clinical management of multisystem conditions such as MS, consideration should be given to the interaction between deficits in multiple domains, such as speech and cognition. To evaluate speech rate measures of spontaneous and read speech, in people with MS and to examine the link between speech and cognition.

Structural Correlates of Overt Sentence Reading in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Overt sentence reading in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild-tomoderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with slowness of speech, characterized by a higher number of pauses, shorter speech units and slower speech rate and attributed to reduced working memory/ attention and language capacity.

Objective: This preliminary case-control study investigates whether the temporal organization of speech is associated with the volume of brain regions involved in overt sentence reading and explores the discriminative ability of temporal speech parameters and standard volumetric MRI measures for the classification of MCI and AD.

Methods: Individuals with MCI, mild-to-moderate AD, and healthy controls (HC) had a structural MRI scan and read aloud sentences varying in cognitive-linguistic demand (length).

Defining a national reference level for intraoperative radiation exposure in urological procedures: FLASH, a retrospective multicentre UK study.

Objectives: To define reference levels for intraoperative radiation during stent insertion, ureteroscopy (URS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL); to identify variation in radiation exposure between individual hospitals across the UK, between low- and high-volume PCNL centres, and between grade of lead surgeon.

Patients/subjects And Methods: In all, 3651 patients were identified retrospectively across 12 UK hospitals over a 1-year period. Radiation exposure was defined in terms of total fluoroscopy time (FT) and dose area product (DAP).

Immunotherapy in Urological Tumors.

The past decade has seen significant improvement in our understanding of tumor biological features, which has led to use of anti-programmed-death 1 (PD-1) and anti-PD-ligand-1 (PD-L1) agents and cytotoxic T lymphocytes antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors in a multitude of cancers. These immunotherapeutic agents have shown activity in melanoma, lung, head and neck, colorectal, urological, and other cancers. This article details the use of immunotherapy agents in urothelial, renal, prostate, and testicular tumors.

External validation of four nephrometry scores for trans-peritoneal robotic partial nephrectomy.

Introduction: External validation of four nephrometry scores (NS): Centrality index (C-index), arterial based complexity (ABC), preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical (PADUA) and radius expohytic/endophytic nearness anterior/posterior location (RENAL) scoring systems in patients who have undergone trans-peritoneal robotic assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).

Material And Methods: A prospective database for RAPN has been maintained. Individual NSs were performed on 3-dimensional reconstructions of MDCT/MRI studies retrospectively by a board certified uroradiologist.

Practical management of the increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Obesity-induced liver disease (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)) describes a spectrum from steatosis through steatohepatitis to cirrhosis. Its prevalence is rising in tandem with societal rates of obesity which through consequent insulin resistance and fat deposition in hepatocytes lead to hepatocyte death and attempts at repair, which if persistent, lead to activation of liver fibrogenic cells. NAFLD, which may also progress to primary liver cancer, is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease in affluent countries.