Simultaneous Occurrence of Buckle Infection and Migration: A Case Report.

: When scleral buckling is performed using a #240 encircling band anterior to the equator for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, buckle migration may occur anteriorly, eroding the rectus muscle. There are few cases of buckle migration occurring simultaneously with buckle infection. Notably, most previous reports included inadequate data on the pathophysiology of buckle migration and did not include the Hess test and perioperative images.

Responsiveness of eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with choroidal hyperpermeability to intravitreal ranibizumab.

Background: To determine the role played by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) based on an interventional immunology theory.

Methods: Eyes with PCV were divided in a masked fashion into those with choroidal hyperpermeability (HP group) and those with normal choroidal permeability (NP group) based on the indocyanine green angiograms. The inter-rater agreement rate was evaluated using Fleiss' kappa.

Potential of edaravone for neuroprotection in neurologic diseases that do not involve cerebral infarction.

Edaravone was originally developed as a potent free radical scavenger and has been widely used to treat cerebral infarction in Japan since 2001. Several free radical scavengers have been developed and some of them have progressed to clinical trials for the treatment of cerebral infarction. One such scavenger, edaravone, has been approved by the regulatory authority in Japan for the treatment of patients with cerebral infarction.

1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose: A natural antibiotic that inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria and microbial biofilm formation to prevent nosocomial infection.

Nosocomial infections caused by microbial opportunistic infections or microbial biofilms may occur during hospitalization and increase patient morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Artificial antibiotic agents were initially used to prevent infection; however, the high prevalence of nosocomial infections has resulted in their excessive use, which has led to microbial resistance to these agents. The increase in microbial resistance to antibiotics and the development of antibiotic agents may be the cause of the production of other microbial resistance.

NSAIDs inhibit neovascularization of choroid through HO-1-dependent pathway.

Intraocular neovascularization is the leading cause of severe visual loss and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is currently performed for choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Despite its potent anti-angiogenic effect, there are concerns about its long-term safety. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are common therapeutic agents used for treating inflammatory diseases, and their anti-stress effects are attracting attention now.

Edaravone: a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of acute stroke.

Acute stroke, including acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and acute hemorrhagic stroke, (AHS) is a common medical problem with particular relevance to the demographic changes in industrialized societies. In recent years, treatments for AIS have emerged, including thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Although t-PA is the most effective currently available therapy, it is limited by a narrow therapeutic time window and side effects, and only 3% of all AIS patients receive thrombolysis.

B cell-derived vascular endothelial growth factor A promotes lymphangiogenesis and high endothelial venule expansion in lymph nodes.

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a prominent growth factor for both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Recent studies have shown the importance of VEGF-A in enhancing the growth of lymphatic endothelial cells in lymph nodes (LNs) and the migration of dendritic cells into LNs. VEGF-A is produced in inflamed tissues and/or in draining LNs, where B cells are a possible source of this growth factor.