Identification of Factors Contributing to Testosterone Recovery After Hormone Therapy Combined With External Radiation Therapy.

Background/aim: When hormone therapy (HT) is combined with radiotherapy, understanding the recovery of testosterone levels after the end of HT becomes crucial for considering subsequent therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the time to recovery of testosterone levels after discontinuation of HT and the likelihood of recovery.

Patients And Methods: The study included a total of 108 patients with prostate cancer who were treated with GnRH agonist in combination with radiotherapy and followed up for at least 12 months after discontinuation of the GnRH agonist.

Surgical proficiency in laparoscopic radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion and its adequacy for the execution of robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion.

Introduction: The number of facilities adopting intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) using robots instead of extracorporeal urinary diversion (ECUD) is increasing. However, guidance on how to introduce robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) + ICUD in each urological institute remains unclear. This study aimed to verify the feasibility of the transition from laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) + ECUD to RARC + ICUD.

[COMPARING LAPAROSCOPIC AND ROBOT-ASSISTED PYELOPLASTY FOR URETERO-PELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION: INITIAL EXPERIENCE FROM A SINGLE CENTER].

(Objective) To compare the initial results of robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) and laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) for uretero-pelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). (Methods) Between April 2008 to October 2021, we identified 104 cases of UPJO where LP was performed and 18 cases where RALP was performed at our hospital. We retrospectively analyzed their perioperative outcomes.

Real-World Data on the Effectiveness of Microporous Polysaccharide Hemospheres for Allowing Even Novice Surgeons to Perform Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Safely.

Objective: Radical prostatectomy can be performed more safely and with fewer com- plications since the advent of robot-assisted surgery. However, increased bleeding is a concern when robot-assisted radical prostatectomy includes lymph node dissection and nerve sparing. In real-world clinical practice, inexperienced surgeons sometimes perform robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Single-cell transcriptomes underscore genetically distinct tumor characteristics and microenvironment for hereditary kidney cancers.

Our understanding of how each hereditary kidney cancer adapts to its tissue microenvironment is incomplete. Here, we present single-cell transcriptomes of 108,342 cells from patient specimens including from six hereditary kidney cancers. The transcriptomes displayed distinct characteristics of the cell of origin and unique tissue microenvironment for each hereditary kidney cancer.

Roughness of the renal tumor surface could predict the surgical difficulty of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.

Introduction: Preoperative prediction of surgical difficulty of partial nephrectomy (PN) is essential to minimize the perioperative complications and to achieve a good surgical outcome. Recently, various scoring systems have been used to evaluate the difficulty of PN including R.E.

Correlation of urinary loss rate after catheter removal and long-term urinary continence after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Objectives: To assess the correlation of urine loss rate after catheter removal with long-term continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Methods: We enrolled 163 patients on whom robot-assisted radical prostatectomy was carried out and whose urine loss rate we were able to evaluate after catheter removal. Urinary incontinence was evaluated from immediately after removal of the catheter to the date of discharge, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery.

Prognostic value of automated bone scan index for predicting overall survival among bone metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients treated with radium-223.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate automated bone scan index (aBSI) as a prognostic biomarker for overall survival (OS) in bone-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with radium-223 (Ra-223).

Materials And Methods: We identified 42 men treated with Ra-223 for mCRPC. We investigated aBSI as an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis.

Complete response of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC)-associated renal cell carcinoma to nivolumab and ipilimumab combination immunotherapy by: a case report.

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that results from a germline mutation in the fumarate hydratase gene (FH). Individuals with FH mutations are at risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients with HLRCC-associated RCC (HLRCC-RCC) have aggressive clinical courses, but there is as yet no standardized therapy for advanced HLRCC-RCC.

Outcomes of treatment for localized prostate cancer in a single institution: comparison of radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy by propensity score matching analysis.

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and low-dose-rate brachytherapy (BT) using propensity score matching analysis in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.

Methods: A group of 2273 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer between January 2004 and December 2015 at the Yokohama City University hospital were identified. The records of 1817 of these patients, who were followed up for a minimum of 2 years, were reviewed; 462 were treated with RP, 319 with IMRT, and 1036 with BT.

The Pretherapeutic Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy Is Useful for Predicting the Prognosis of Japanese Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Introduction And Objectives: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been suggested as a simple marker of the systemic inflammatory response in critical care patients. The NLR can be easily calculated from routine complete blood counts in the peripheral blood. This parameter has been reported to be an independent prognosticator for some solid malignancies.

Phase I trial of TAK-385 in hormone treatment-naïve Japanese patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer.

This open-label, phase I dose-finding study evaluated the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, TAK-385, in Japanese patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. In a two-part design, patients received daily oral TAK-385 at doses of 320 (loading, day 1)/80 (maintenance, day 2 and thereafter), 320/120, 320/160, or 360/120 mg for 28 days in a dose-escalation phase (part A, n = 13), and at 320/80 or 320/120 mg for up to 96 weeks in a randomized expansion phase (part B, n = 30). Primary endpoint in both parts was safety, including dose-limiting toxicity in part A.

Impact of pegfilgrastim as primary prophylaxis for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients undergoing cabazitaxel treatment: an open-label study in Japan.

Background: Cabazitaxel is an efficacious treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have previously progressed on docetaxel, but febrile neutropenia during the first cycle is a frequent complication. Asian patients are at increased risk of febrile neutropenia. Although primary prophylaxis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor can reduce the incidence, its efficacy has not been prospectively demonstrated in Japanese patients with cabazitaxel treatment.

Early assessment with F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography to predict short-term outcome in clear cell renal carcinoma treated with nivolumab.

Background: We reported previously the usefulness of 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) to predict prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with molecular targeted agents. Herein we describe a preliminary research of nine patients who underwent FDG-PET/CT before and after initiation of nivolumab.

Methods: Patients with metastatic RCC who were treated by nivolumab from October 2016 to March 2017 were enrolled in this study.

Acute and late toxicities in localized prostate cancer patients treated with low-dose I brachytherapy (110 Gy) in combination with external beam radiation therapy versus brachytherapy alone (160 Gy).

Purpose: The aim of this analysis was to compare acute and late toxicities between low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) (110 Gy) in combination with 45 Gy in 25 fractions external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and LDR-BT (160 Gy) alone for localized prostate cancer.

Material And Methods: One hundred five consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer treated from May 2014 to May 2017 were included in this retrospective analysis. Sixty patients received combination therapy and 45 patients received BT monotherapy.

PD-1 and PD-L1 are more highly expressed in high-grade bladder cancer than in low-grade cases: PD-L1 might function as a mediator of stage progression in bladder cancer.

Background: Bladder cancers have been characterized as a tumor group in which the immunological response is relatively well preserved. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, B7-H1, CD274) has been shown to be expressed in several malignancies, including bladder cancer. However, the clinicopathological impact of this biomarker has not yet been established.

BHD-associated kidney cancer exhibits unique molecular characteristics and a wide variety of variants in chromatin remodeling genes.

Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a hereditary kidney cancer syndrome, which predisposes patients to develop kidney cancer, cutaneous fibrofolliculomas and pulmonary cysts. The responsible gene FLCN is a tumor suppressor for kidney cancer, which plays an important role in energy homeostasis through the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. However, the process by which FLCN-deficiency leads to renal tumorigenesis is unclear.

FDG PET/CT after first molecular targeted therapy predicts survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: We investigated prospectively whether F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) can predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) previously treated by molecular targeted therapies.

Methods: Between 2009 and 2016, 81 patients who had received single molecular targeted therapies (43 sorafenib, 27 sunitinib, 8 temsirolimus and others) and were scheduled for second line molecular targeted therapies for advanced RCC were enrolled in this prospective study. FDG PET/CT was performed after first line molecular targeted therapies, the max SUVmax (highest standardized uptake value for each patient) recorded, and its association with OS compared with those of known risk factors.

Prediction of Time to Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using Bone Scan Index in Men with Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.

Introduction: We evaluated bone scan index (BSI) as a predictive biomarker for time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).

Materials And Methods: We identified 85 consecutive mHSPC patients treated with first-line androgen deprivation therapy. We analyzed the correlations between time to CRPC and clinicopathological characteristics, including age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, Gleason score, clinical TNM stage, hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, and BSI.

Measurement of serum isoform [-2]proPSA derivatives shows superior accuracy to magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with a total prostate-specific antigen level of 2-10 ng/ml.

Objective: More accurate diagnostic procedures for prostate cancer are needed to avoid unnecessary biopsy due to the low specificity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Recent studies showed that the percentage of serum isoform [-2]proPSA (p2PSA) to free PSA (%p2PSA), the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were more accurate than PSA. The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of %p2PSA, PHI and MRI in discriminating patients with and without prostate cancer.

One-month assessment of renal cell carcinoma treated by everolimus using FDG PET/CT predicts progression-free and overall survival.

Purpose: We evaluated F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) results as outcome predictors for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated by everolimus (EVL), an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients who were treated with EVL for metastatic RCC between May 2010 and March 2015, by evaluating their FDG PET/CT result before and 1 month after starting EVL treatment. We examined the relationships between each patient's maximum standardized uptake value (max SUVmax) assessed by FDG PET/CT on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Prognostic Value of Automated Bone Scan Index in Men With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Enzalutamide or Abiraterone Acetate.

Purpose: Bone scan index (BSI) is an objective tool for quantifying bone metastasis load. We assessed its prognostic usefulness in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with enzalutamide (ENZ) or abiraterone acetate (AA).

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 40 patients who received ENZ or AA treatment (ENZ/AA) for metastatic CRPC.

[A CASE OF XANTHOGRANULOMATOUS PYELONEPHRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CHROMOPHOBE RENAL CELL CARCINOMA].

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a type of chronic suppurative renal inflammation. We present an extremely rare case of XGP concomitant with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A-39-year-old woman presented with transient fever and left lower abdominal pain during steroid pulse therapy for thyroid eye disease.

[MUCINOUS TUBULAR AND SPINDLE CELL CARCINOMA SUCCESFULLY CONTROLED BY TEMISIROLIMUS: A CASE REPORT].

A 45-year-old woman with dyspnea and appetite and weight loss was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a right hypovascular renal tumor with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava and metastases in the liver, stomach, and left kidney. The renal tumor was diagnosed as a mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) by pathological examination of a percutaneous needle biopsy specimen.