Differences in code status practice patterns among emergency clinicians working in Japan and the United States.

Objective: This study aimed to examine self-reported code-status practice patterns among emergency clinicians from Japan and the U.S.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to emergency clinicians from one academic medical center and four general hospitals in Japan and two academic medical centers in the U.

Basic life support by citizens in Kawasaki City, Japan - a descriptive epidemiological study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.

Aim: To better understand the current status and barriers to making basic life support a common practice among the citizens of Kawasaki City, Japan.

Method: We extracted data according to the Utstein-style guidelines specifically regarding out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) of cardiac etiology. The items were as follows: (i) OHCA witnessed by a citizen, (ii) the victim received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), (iii) an automatic external defibrillator was used by the witness.