Visual and Ocular Characteristics of Anisometropic Children.

Purpose: To compare the demographic and ocular characteristics of patients with low and high levels of anisometropia compared with non-anisometropic individuals.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1803 individuals (age range, 1 to 30 years) examined at strabismus clinics between January 2019 and December 2020. Of these, 203 subjects had anisometropia (11.

Comparison of epidemiologic factors and eye manifestations of twin children with controls.

Purpose: The present study was aimed to compare the epidemiological and ocular findings of twin children in comparison with non- twin age matched individuals as their control.

Methods: In this cross sectional study, a total of 90 twins (180 cases) were compared with 182 non- twin matched children. All the study participants were examined by a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including measurement of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, ocular deviation, strabismus as well as the anterior and posterior ophthalmic examinations.

Management of Consecutive Exotropia.

Purpose: To determine the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of medial rectus (MR) advancement with or without lateral rectus (LR) recession in patients with consecutive exotropia.

Methods: This interventional case series was performed on patients with consecutive exotropia of more than 15 prism diopters (PD) at least 6 months after the esotropia surgery. All patients were operated using either unilateral or bilateral MR muscle advancement with or without simultaneous LR recession.

Virtual Reality Game Playing in Amblyopia Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To compare the visual outcome of occlusion therapy with virtual reality game playing as a new therapy for children with amblyopia.

Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 50 children between 4 and 10 years old who had unilateral amblyopia. They were randomly divided into virtual reality and patching groups (n = 25 in each).

Motor and Sensory Outcomes of Infantile Exotropia: A 10-Year Study (2008-2017).

Purpose: We aimed to determine the long-term motor and sensory outcomes of patients with infantile exotropia.

Methods: In this longitudinal retrospective (historical cohort) study, the records of 76 patients with infantile exotropia were Studied. Subjects with constant exotropia manifesting before the age of 1 year who were at least 5 years old at recruitment time between 2008 and 2017 were included.

Slanted versus Augmented Recession for Horizontal Strabismus.

Purpose: To compare the surgical outcomes of slanted versus augmented recession in patients with horizontal strabismus.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, a total of 100 esotropic (ET) and exotropic (XT) patients with a high AC/A ratio which was defined as a difference of 10 prism diopters (pd) between the distance and near deviations were included if the patients had a distance deviation 15 pd. Patients were randomly assigned into the slanted ( = 26 in ET and = 24 in XT group) and augmented recession groups ( = 25 in ET and = 25 in XT group).

Comparison between patching and interactive binocular treatment in amblyopia: A randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: To compare the effect of amblyopia therapy on cases who received interactive binocular treatment (I-BiT™) with those who received standard patching of the dominant eye with placebo I-BiT™.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 38 unilateral amblyopic children (3-10 years old) were studied. All unilateral amblyopic children who had best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) worse than 0.

Reoperation in Horizontal Strabismus and its Related Risk Factors.

This study was performed to determine the surgical outcomes and the related risk factors of second operation in patients with residual horizontal deviations. In this interventional case series study, a total of 119 patients with a history of reoperation were included (39 exotropia and 80 esotropia). Cases with consecutive strabismus, muscular palsy, systemic disease, lack of ocular fixation, and those, who had vertical deviation and Dissociated Vertical Deviation (DVD)>5 Prism Diopters (pd) were excluded.

Macular Thickness in Moderate to Severe Amblyopia.

Purpose: To compare the macular retinal thickness of moderately to severely amblyopic eyes with non-amblyopic eyes as controls.

Methods: This case control study was conducted on 56 children aged 4 to 10 years old (64.3% female subjects).

The relationship between abduction deficit and reoperation among patients with infantile esotropia.

Aim: To determine the relationship between abduction deficit and reoperation among patients with infantile esotropia (IET).

Methods: The records of 216 patients (432 eyes) with IET who underwent surgery, from 2010 to 2015 were studied. Patients with IET whose deviation appeared before 6mo of age and had stable preoperative deviation in two examinations with at least 2wk apart and a minimum 3mo postoperative follow up were included.

Graded versus ungraded inferior oblique anterior transposition in patients with asymmetric dissociated vertical deviation.

Purpose: To report the surgical outcomes of graded versus ungraded inferior oblique anterior transposition (IOAT) in treatment of patients with asymmetric dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) and bilateral inferior oblique overaction (IOOA).

Methods: A total of 74 eyes of 37 patients with asymmetric DVD (interocular difference of ≥5) and bilateral IOOA of > +1 were included in this randomized clinical trial. In the ungraded group (n = 18), both inferior oblique muscles were sutured at the inferior rectus level; in the graded group (n = 19), the inferior oblique muscles of eyes with more DVD were sutured at the level of the inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles of eyes with less DVD were sutured 2 mm posterior to the level of the inferior rectus muscle.

Inferior Oblique Overaction: Anterior Transposition Versus Myectomy.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of inferior oblique myectomy and anterior transposition for correcting inferior oblique overaction (IOOA).

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 56 patients with IOOA who had either myectomy or anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle from 2010 to 2015. The authors compared preoperative and postoperative inferior oblique muscle function grading (-4 to +4) as the main outcome measure and vertical and horizontal deviation, dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), and A- and V-pattern between the two surgical groups as secondary outcomes.

The role of Interactive Binocular Treatment system in amblyopia therapy.

Purpose: To determine the role of Interactive Binocular Treatment (I-BiT™) as a complementary method of patching in amblyopia therapy.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 50 unilateral amblyopic children (25 male/25 female) between 3 and 10 years with either best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≤20/30 in the amblyopic eye or a difference of BCVA ≥ 2 lines between the two eyes were included. They were randomly classified into the case and control groups (25 in each).

The Incidence of Reoperation and Related Risk Factors Among Patients With Infantile Exotropia.

Purpose: To determine the incidence and related risk factors of reoperation among patients with infantile exotropia who were operated on at Imam Hossein Medical Center, Tehran, Iran, from 2001 to 2015.

Methods: In this study, 82 children (55 girls and 27 boys) with infantile exotropia were divided into two groups 3 months after their first operation: children with horizontal deviation of 10 prism diopters (PD) or less (n = 64; success group) and those with horizontal deviation greater than 10 PD (n = 18; failure group). Patients with deviation of 20 PD or greater were indicated for reoperation.