Neurological Soft Signs in Type I Bipolar Disorder and Bipolar Spectrum Patients and Their Unaffected First-Degree Relatives: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: This study aimed to compare neurological soft signs (NSSs) in type 1 bipolar disorder (BD), bipolar spectrum (BS) patients, and their unaffected first-degree relatives.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved participants referred to the Psychiatric Department of Imam Hossein Hospital. Five groups ( = 25): patients with type 1 BD, patients with BS, unaffected first-degree relatives of the two groups, and a control group were evaluated using the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES).