Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) involving ultrasound for waste water treatment: a review with emphasis on cost estimation.

Two things are needed for any technology to be suitable for use in the industry, viz. 1. Technical feasibility and 2.

Selective synthesis of sulfoxides from sulfides using ultrasound.

The present work aims at developing a new process to selectively synthesize sulfoxide from sulfides using ultrasound. Methyl phenyl sulfide (MPS) has been taken as a model reactant. The reaction has been carried out in ultrasonic bath with an operating frequency of 22 kHz and maximum power supply of 120 W with an actual power dissipation of approximately 40 W measured using calorimetric studies.

Effect of additives on ultrasonic degradation of phenol.

Sonication for phenol degradation has proved to be an attractive process over the years at least on a laboratory scale but the rates of phenol degradation under sonication have always been quite low. The present work investigates the use of simple additives such as salt and carbon tetrachloride as process intensifying parameters with an aim of reduction in the treatment times and hence the cost of operation. The intermediates formed in the degradation process have been analyzed and it has been observed that these intermediates degrade faster as compared to phenol.