Exploring the silent epidemic: investigating the hidden burden of normal weight obesity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India - a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) and evaluate its association with cardiometabolic risk factors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Gujarat, India.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 432 adults with T2DM attending a Non-Communicable Disease clinic. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance, and clinical parameters were assessed.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis predicts prehypertension and hypertension: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Hypertension prediction using anthropometry and bioimpedance offers practical advantages for screening. We aimed to analyze various anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) estimates as predictive markers of prehypertension and hypertension.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 432 adult participants recruited from the medicine outpatient department of a tertiary hospital.

Prognostic significance of eosinophil-to-platelet ratio and C-reactive protein in predicting adverse events during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A comprehensive observational study.

Background: Biomarkers like sarcopenia, eosinopenia and C-reactive protein (CRP) may predict major adverse events including intubation, ICU admission, mortality and readmission in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. We aimed to determine their prognostic utility and accuracy.

Methods: This was a prospective analysis of COPD patients hospitalised for acute exacerbation over one year.

Nutritional Supplementation in Tuberculosis Treatment: A Mixed Methods Study of Clinical Outcomes and Patient Perceptions in Jamnagar, India.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with malnutrition being a key risk factor for poor outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nutritional supplementation on treatment outcomes in drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (DS-PTB) patients and explore patient perspectives on nutrition during TB treatment.

Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study in the Jamnagar district of Gujarat, India.

Prevalence of normal weight obesity and its cardiometabolic implications among government doctors in Gujarat, India: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Obesity is rising globally. Normal weight obesity (NWO) and normal weight central obesity (NWCO) despite normal BMI pose added metabolic risks. Limited data on these phenotypes among Indian doctors merits investigation.

Prevalence and predictors of multimorbidity in older adults, a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Multimorbidity is a condition that refers to the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases or long-term medical conditions in an individual. It has become one of the key issues in the public health sector, particularly among older adults. So, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors among older adults.

Association of serum ferritin trends with liver enzyme patterns in β-thalassemia major: A longitudinal correlational study.

Background: β-Thalassemia major patients require lifelong blood transfusions, leading to iron overload and liver injury. This study examines the longitudinal association between serum ferritin and liver function over 5 years in pediatric patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included 582 transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients aged 1-18 years.

Prevalence and predictors of loneliness and its association with health-seeking behaviors among the elderly population, Gujarat, A community-based cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and predictors of loneliness and its associations with health behaviors among elderly adults in Gujarat, India.

Methodology: This community-based cross-sectional study included 250 participants aged ≥60 years. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale.

Unravelling the obesity maze in diabetic patients: A comparative analysis of classification methods.

Background: Obesity is a significant health concern among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emerging evidence suggests that alternative measures, such as abdominal girth (AG) and body fat percentage (BF%), can provide a more accurate reflection of obesity-related metabolic risks in diabetic populations. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of different obesity classification methods, including BMI, AG, and BF%, among individuals with T2DM.

Multimorbidity, health Literacy, and quality of life among older adults in an urban slum in India: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: India is experiencing a rising burden of chronic disease multimorbidity due to an aging population and epidemiological transition. Older adults residing in urban slums are especially vulnerable due to challenges in managing multimorbidity amid deprived living conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of multimorbidity, associated health literacy, and quality of life impact in this population.

Screening of Hospitalized Elderly Patients for Frailty and Associated Co-morbid Conditions in Western Gujarat in India.

Background: Older patients admitted to hospitals have a greater impact on the healthcare system as the population ages. The relationship between the recovery of functional impairments and frailty status in geriatric care units is still not clear. Simple screening technologies are required in order to operationalize frailty management in this susceptible population due to these restrictions.

The Hidden Battle Within: Shedding Light on the Co-existence of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity among Participants with Type 2 Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Gujarat.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to abnormal insulin secretion and/or utilisation. Currently, sarcopenia has emerged as a new complication of T2DM, which increases the risk of physical disability, and even death. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) as well as their association with various other factors related to T2DM.

The triad of physiological challenges: investigating the intersection of sarcopenia, malnutrition, and malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome in patients with COPD - a cross-sectional study.

Background: One of the most prevalent respiratory disorders in modern society is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Frequent comorbidities in patients with COPD are abnormal nutritional status and body composition variations. Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome, which occurs when the 2 conditions - malnutrition and sarcopenia - coexist, raises the risk of death more than either condition alone.

Converging Pathways: Exploring the Interplay of Malnutrition, Sarcopenia, and Frailty in Nursing Home Residents: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Within the context of nursing home care, malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty stand as notable conditions, each exerting distinct yet interconnected impacts on residents' well-being. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to elucidate the intricate interplay among malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty among nursing home residents.

Methodology: It is a community-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study among nursing home residents of Vatsalyadham Vrudhsharam, which is an institution for aged old-age people in Jamnagar from April 2023 to July 2023.

A Study on the Pattern of Self-reported Tobacco Addiction in Hypertensive Patients in Gujarat, India.

Background: Both hypertension (HTN) and tobacco addiction pose a threat to the health, environment, and socioeconomic status (SES) of the people. When tobacco use disorder exists in people with HTN, it hastens the disease progress and causes early complications. The present study aimed to study the knowledge and practice of tobacco addiction in patients with HTN and find out the correlates of knowledge and practice of tobacco addiction.

A lay epidemiological study on coexistent stress in hypertension: Its prevalence, risk factors, and implications in patients' lives.

Introduction: Hypertension poses a global challenge in terms of morbidity and mortality. Worldwide prevalence of hypertension is over 40%. Management of hypertension targets blood pressure control to prevent disease complications.

Effectiveness of exercise interventions on physical function in community-dwelling frail older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.

Objectives: This umbrella review aimed to determine the effectiveness of exercise interventions, alone or in combination with other interventions, in improving physical function in community-dwelling older people identified as pre-frail or frail.

Introduction: Exercise is said to have a positive impact on muscle mass and strength which improves physical function and hence is beneficial for the treatment of frailty. Several systematic reviews discuss the effects of exercise interventions on physical function parameters, such as strength, mobility, gait, balance and physical performance, and indicate that multi-component exercise, including resistance, aerobic, balance and flexibility training, appears to be the best way in which to improve physical function parameters in frail older people.

The EXPRESS Study: Exercise and Protein Effectiveness Supplementation Study supporting autonomy in community dwelling frail older people-study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot and feasibility study.

Background: Research has repeatedly demonstrated that exercise has a positive impact on physical function and is beneficial in the treatment of physical frailty. However, an even more effective strategy for managing physical frailty might be the combination of multicomponent exercise with the intake of high-quality protein supplements, but the efficacy remains unclear for older adults who are already pre-frail and frail. The aim is to examine the feasibility of recruiting frail older adults to participate in a trial designed to determine the potential effects of a 6-month exercise and nutrition intervention on physical function.

Effectiveness of exercise interventions on physical function in community-dwelling frail older people: an umbrella review protocol.

The objectives of this umbrella review are to determine the effectiveness of exercise interventions, alone or in combination with other interventions, for improving physical function in community-dwelling older people who are identified as frail or at risk of frailty, and to identify if any particular intervention type or characteristic is the most effective.Specifically, the review question is: What is the effectiveness of exercise interventions, alone or in combination with other interventions, for improving physical function in community-dwelling older people identified as frail or at risk of frailty?

A Study on High-risk Premarital Sexual Behavior of College Going Male Students in Jamnagar City of Gujarat, India.

Background: The pre-marital sex and live-in relationship among young people are increasing at an alarming rate. Remote consequences of such high risk behaviors are increase in the incidence of STDs (including HIV), unsafe and illegal abortion, adolescent pregnancy and motherhood, single mother child/abandoned child, juvenile delinquency and many more.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the high-risk sexual behaviors in depth, influenced by various factors including age at sexual debut, type of partners, consistent condom usage, hostel stay, socioeconomic class, etc.

Profile of dengue infection in Jamnagar city and district, west India.

Background and Methods India is one of the countries in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region that regularly reports outbreaks of dengue fever (DF)/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). As effective control and preventive programmes depend upon improved surveillance data, this study was carried out to report the seroprevalence of dengue virus infection in an area around Jamnagar city, Western India. [1] Methods The laboratory records of clinically suspected dengue patients from July 2008 to June 2011 were analysed retrospectively for the results of immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-dengue antibodies, tested by dengue monoclonal antibody (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC ELISA).

The prevalence of fungi in fingernail onychomycosis.

Background: Fingernail onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the finger nails. It is mainly produced by yeasts, dermatophytes and molds and sometimes it shows a mixed infection. It is a cosmetic issue rather than a medical problem.

Awareness of HIV/AIDS among rural youth in India: a community based cross-sectional study.

Introduction: More than one third of reported cases of HIV/AIDS in India are among youth and 60 percent of these reside in rural areas. Assessment of the awareness of HIV/AIDS in the youth is important for determining the impact of previous and current awareness programs as well as the need for interventions. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of rural youth regarding HIV/AIDS and to explore the epidemiological determinants of awareness among them.