Cross-cultural adaption of the computerized assessment of information processing battery (COGNITO) for an Indian longitudinal study on rural elderly.

Introduction: Testing cognitive functions in Indians with low literacy and linguistic diversity is challenging. We describe the adaptation process of a comprehensive neurocognitive test battery to suit both literate and illiterate aging rural Indians.

Methods: Following the International Test Commission (ITC) guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation, we adapted the COGNITO battery.

Validation and efficacy of a tele-yoga intervention for improving psychological stress, mental health and sleep difficulties of stressed adults diagnosed with long COVID: a prospective, multi-center, open-label single-arm study.

The objective of this study was to validate and test the efficacy of a 16-week tele-yoga intervention for perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia in individuals who had had COVID-19 infection in the previous year, and had reported moderately high levels of psychological stress (PSS ≥14). 25 and 50-min versions of the program were developed. They were then validated using Lawshe's content validity ratio after obtaining feedback from 20 yoga therapy experts.

Association between urban upbringing and functional brain connectivity in schizophrenia.

Background: Environmental factors considerably influence the development of the human cortex during the perinatal period, early childhood, and adolescence. Urban upbringing in the first 15 years of life is a known risk factor for schizophrenia (SCZ). Though the risk of urban birth and upbringing is well-examined from an epidemiological perspective, the biological mechanisms underlying urban upbringing remain unknown.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography studies in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.

Objectives: Due to the common neurodevelopmental origin and easy accessibility, the retina serves as a surrogate marker for changes in the brain. Hence, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a tool to examine the neuronal layers of retina has gained importance in investigating psychiatric disorders. Several studies in the last decade have reported retinal structural alterations in schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD).

Composition of yoga-philosophy based mental traits () in major psychiatric disorders: A trans-diagnostic approach.

Yoga philosophy includes the theory of (three mental traits): (signifies a tendency to 'goodness'), (tendency towards 'activity'), and (tendency towards "inertia"). This cross-sectional study aimed to understand the differences in the expression of in patients suffering from major psychiatric disorders ( = 113, 40 females) and age-gender-education-matched healthy controls (HCs;  = 113, 40 females). Patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist using DSM 5 criteria and suffered from the following disorders: depression ( = 30), schizophrenia (SCZ;  = 28), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD;  = 23), anxiety ( = 16), and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD;  = 16).

Neurohemodynamic correlates of BDNF gene expression in schizophrenia patients with working memory deficits: A functional MRI study.

Introduction: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in neuroplasticity underlying cognitive deficits, including working memory deficits (WMD), in schizophrenia. Methodological challenges and inconsistencies are reported with peripheral BDNF levels. Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is proposed to underlie WMD, though inconsistently.

Trust and psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Impaired trust in other humans is commonly seen in psychosis and it leads to poor societal functioning. However, examining trust behavior in an experimental setting is challenging. Investigators have used the trust game, a neuro-economic game to assess trust behavior in psychosis.

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) as a screening tool for evaluation of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

Cognitive deficit is one of the core features of schizophrenia and is associated with poor functional outcomes. There is a lack of validated criteria to screen and monitor cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent validity and sensitivity of MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and DSST (Digit Symbol Substitution Test) in identifying cognitive deficits in Schizophrenia comparing with a comprehensive MCCB [MATRICS (Measurement And Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) Consensus Cognitive Battery] equivalent battery.

Relation between frontal pole volumes and cognitive insight in Schizophrenia.

Objective: Cognitive insight comprising self-reflection and self-certainty is an important determinant of functional outcomes in Schizophrenia. The neural correlates of cognitive insight in Schizophrenia are underexamined. The frontal pole (FP) is implicated in metacognitive function in healthy individuals, but its role is not well examined in Schizophrenia.

Effect of Intranasal Oxytocin on Resting-state Effective Connectivity in Schizophrenia.

Objectives: Evidence from several lines of research suggests the critical role of neuropeptide oxytocin in social cognition and social behavior. Though a few studies have examined the effect of oxytocin on clinical symptoms of schizophrenia, the underlying neurobiological changes are underexamined. Hence, in this study, we examined the effect of oxytocin on the brain's effective connectivity in schizophrenia.

Treatment strategies for serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: A network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objectives: Treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic debilitating illness. We conducted a network meta-analysis [NMA] to compare the efficacy of all interventions in SRI-resistant OCD from published Randomised controlled trials [RCT].

Methods: We performed an NMA of RCTs in SRI resistant OCD from all modalities of treatments; pharmacological, psychological, neuromodulation, neurosurgery including deep brain stimulation.

Effect of national cultural dimensions and HIV prevalence rates on stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS.

This paper examines the main and interactive effects of national culture dimensions and HIV prevalence rates on stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIVA). We examined these various relationships using data from a sample of 68,041 individuals from 49 countries, obtained from the World Values Survey. We used Hierarchical Linear Modeling to conduct our cross-level analyses.

Association between retinal vascular measures and brain white matter lesions in schizophrenia.

Objective: Recent studies have examined retinal vascular abnormalities in schizophrenia as retinal vascular imaging is a non-invasive proxy to cerebral microvasculature. However, relation between retinal vascular abnormalities and brain structure is not well examined in schizophrenia. Hence in this study, for the first time, we examined the relationship between retinal vascular measures and brain white matter lesions in schizophrenia.

Deep learning model using retinal vascular images for classifying schizophrenia.

Contemporary psychiatric diagnosis still relies on the subjective symptom report of the patient during a clinical interview by a psychiatrist. Given the significant variability in personal reporting and differences in the skill set of psychiatrists, it is desirable to have objective diagnostic markers that could help clinicians differentiate patients from healthy individuals. A few recent studies have reported retinal vascular abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) using retinal fundus images.

Stimulus-Induced Narrowband Gamma Oscillations are Test-Retest Reliable in Human EEG.

Visual stimulus-induced gamma oscillations in electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings have been recently shown to be compromised in subjects with preclinical Alzheimer's Disease (AD), suggesting that gamma could be an inexpensive biomarker for AD diagnosis provided its characteristics remain consistent across multiple recordings. Previous magnetoencephalography studies in young subjects have reported consistent gamma power over recordings separated by a few weeks to months. Here, we assessed the consistency of stimulus-induced slow (20-35 Hz) and fast gamma (36-66 Hz) oscillations in subjects ( = 40) (age: 50-88 years) in EEG recordings separated by a year, and tested the consistency in the magnitude of gamma power, its temporal evolution and spectral profile.

The Worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: ADNI-3 updates and global perspectives.

The Worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (WW-ADNI) is a collaborative effort to investigate imaging and biofluid markers that can inform Alzheimer's disease treatment trials. It is a public-private partnership that spans North America, Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, and Taiwan. In 2004, ADNI researchers began a naturalistic, longitudinal study that continues today around the globe.

Effect of antipsychotic dose reduction on cognitive function in schizophrenia.

Cognitive deficits are predictors of social functioning but remain an unmet therapeutic challenge. While lowering the antipsychotics carries a risk of relapse, it possibly has a beneficial effect on cognitive function. However, this has not been examined in a real-world setting.

Effect of national cultural dimensions and consumption rates on stigma toward alcohol and substance use disorders.

Background: Despite the notion of stigma as a socio-cultural process with the concept rooted in social space rather than in individual space, global studies examining impact of cultural differences on stigma toward substance use disorders are lacking.

Aim: In this study, we aim to study the influence of national culture differences on stigma toward alcohol and substance use disorders.

Methods: We analyzed individual-level data from 68,041 respondents from 49 countries on stigma toward alcohol and substance use disorders.

Stimulus-induced gamma rhythms are weaker in human elderly with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) in elderly adds substantially to socioeconomic burden necessitating early diagnosis. While recent studies in rodent models of AD have suggested diagnostic and therapeutic value for gamma rhythms in brain, the same has not been rigorously tested in humans. In this case-control study, we recruited a large population (N = 244; 106 females) of elderly (>49 years) subjects from the community, who viewed large gratings that induced strong gamma oscillations in their electroencephalogram (EEG).