Effect of cognitive training on cognitive function in community-dwelling older people with mild-to-moderate dementia: A single-blind randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: The purpose of this assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial was to determine the effect of computerised cognitive training (CT) on executive function, processing speed and working memory in 61 people with mild-to-moderate dementia.

Methods: The primary outcomes were forward Digit Span and Trail Making Tests (TMT) at the completion of the 6-month intervention. Secondary outcomes included cognitive and physical performance, rate of falls, participant and caregiver's quality of life and usability and adherence to the CT program.

Do we understand each other when we develop and implement hip fracture models of care? A systematic review with narrative synthesis.

Background: A hip fracture in an older person is a devastating injury. It impacts functional mobility, independence and survival. Models of care may provide a means for delivering integrated hip fracture care in less well-resourced settings.

Risk factors for falls in older people with cognitive impairment living in the community: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to identify risk factors for prospectively ascertained falls, focusing on those that are potentially modifiable (physical and neuropsychological factors), in older people with cognitive impairment living in the community.

Results: A comprehensive search of five databases identified 16 high quality (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ≥8/9) relevant articles. Meta-analyses were undertaken for five potential fall risk factors.

Cognitive Domain Associations with Balance Performance in Community-Dwelling Older People with Cognitive Impairment.

Background: In older people with cognitive impairment (CI), executive function (EF) has been associated with motor performance including balance and gait. The literature examining and supporting a relationship between balance performance and other cognitive domains is limited.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between global cognition and cognitive domain function and balance performance in older people with CI.

Tailored Exercise and Home Hazard Reduction Program for Fall Prevention in Older People With Cognitive Impairment: The i-FOCIS Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The evidence to support effective fall prevention strategies in older people with cognitive impairment (CI) is limited. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to determine the efficacy of a fall prevention intervention in older people with CI.

Method: RCT involving 309 community-dwelling older people with CI.

Older People with Dementia Have Reduced Daily-Life Activity and Impaired Daily-Life Gait When Compared to Age-Sex Matched Controls.

Understanding the characteristics of physical activity and daily-life gait in older people with dementia may help identify those at risk of negative health outcomes and inform targeted interventions. Questionnaires are often used to assess physical activity but may be more affected by recall bias in people with dementia and provide little information about daily-life gait characteristics. The aim of the study was to assess differences in daily-life activity levels and gait characteristics between community-dwelling older people with mild to moderate dementia (n = 45; mean age 81±6 years, 42% female) and age-sex matched (1:2) cognitively-healthy controls (n = 90).

A multidisciplinary intervention to prevent subsequent falls and health service use following fall-related paramedic care: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: approximately 25% of older people who fall and receive paramedic care are not subsequently transported to an emergency department (ED). These people are at high risk of future falls, unplanned healthcare use and poor health outcomes.

Objective: to evaluate the impact of a fall-risk assessment and tailored fall prevention interventions among older community-dwellers not transported to ED following a fall on subsequent falls and health service use.

A home-based, carer-enhanced exercise program improves balance and falls efficacy in community-dwelling older people with dementia.

Background: Older people with dementia are at increased risk of physical decline and falls. Balance and mood are significant predictors of falls in this population. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a tailored home-based exercise program in community-dwelling older people with dementia.