Publication misconduct and plagiarism retractions: a systematic, retrospective study.

Objectives: To investigate whether plagiarism is more prevalent in publications retracted from the medical literature when first authors are affiliated with lower-income countries versus higher-income countries. Secondary objectives included investigating other factors associated with plagiarism (e.g.

Lack of involvement of medical writers and the pharmaceutical industry in publications retracted for misconduct: a systematic, controlled, retrospective study.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to quantify how many publications retracted because of misconduct involved declared medical writers (i.e., not ghostwriters) or declared pharmaceutical industry support.

Structure, function, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in the caudal artery of the SHR and WKY rat.

Objective: To quantify structural and functional characteristics of the caudal artery from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats with particular reference to endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF).

Methods And Results: Ultrastructural studies showed that the number of myoendothelial gap junctions, smooth muscle cell (SMC) layers, and medial cross-sectional area were significantly greater in SHR than WKY. Intracellular dye labeling demonstrated hyperplasia of SMCs in SHR.