Integrated insights into the cytological, histochemical, and cell wall composition features of Espinosa nothofagi (Hymenoptera) gall tissues: implications for functionality.

Many insect-induced galls are considered complex structures due to their tissue compartmentalization and multiple roles performed by them. The current study investigates the complex interaction between Nothofagus obliqua host plant and the hymenopteran gall-inducer Espinosa nothofagi, focusing on cell wall properties and cytological features. The E.

Alterations induced by Colomerus vitis on the structural and physiological leaf features of two grape cultivars.

Vitis vinifera is cultivated worldwide for its high nutritional and commercial value. More than 60 grape cultivars are cultivated in Chile. Two of these, the país and the corinto cultivars, are the oldest known and widely used for the preparation of traditional homemade drinks and consumption as table grapes.

Gall inducer Dasineura sp. alters the polyphenol profile and antioxidant activity of Peumus boldus stems.

Peumus boldus, a tree native to Chile, is extensively used for medicinal purposes due to its richness in alkaloids and antioxidant polyphenols. A species of galling insect, Dasineura sp. induces structural and chemical changes on P.

Phenolic Antioxidant Protection in the Initial Growth of : Two Different Responses against Two Invasive Fabaceae.

The allelophatic effect of the invasive Fabaceae, and , on the production of phenolic compounds in seedlings was investigated. It was expected that the oxidative stress caused by the allelochemicals released by both invaders would induce a differential response in the production of phenolic compounds in seedlings. These antioxidant mechanisms guaranteed plants' survival, even to the detriment of their initial growth.

Can Harm the Chilean Native Tree : Effects on Germination and Initial Growth.

is highly invasive in several countries around the world. This species pressurizes and displaces several native and endemic tree species in south-central Chile such as , the native species of greatest timber interest. We determined the effects induced by allelochemical stress of on germination and initial growth.

Structural patterns of Lepidoptera galls and the case of Andescecidium parrai (Cecidosidae) galls on Schinus polygama (Anacardiaceae).

Gall anatomical and metabolic peculiarities are determined by the feeding habit of the gall inducer, but develop under the constraints of the host plants. The chewing habit of the Lepidoptera larvae imposes a high impact on the host plant cells, and supposedly drives peculiar structural and histochemical patterns. So, our starting point was the search of such patterns in literature, and the test of these traits on the Andescecidium parrai (Cecidosidae)-Schinus polygama (Anacardiaceae) system, as a case study in Chilean flora.

Gall-inducing Eriophyes tiliae stimulates the metabolism of Tilia platyphyllos leaves towards oxidative protection.

Red galls have high levels of anthocyanins which perform different physiological functions, such as antioxidants and protection against UVB radiation. High levels of anthocyanins and other polyphenols have been associated with low photosynthetic pigment content. In environments with high levels of UVB radiation, it would thus be expected that red galls would have high anthocyanin and polyphenol levels and low photosynthetic pigment contents, enabling the gall with high antioxidant capacity compared to its host organ.

High antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds dampens oxidative stress in Espinosa nothofagi galls induced on Nothofagus obliqua buds.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered the first signaling molecules involved in gall development, linked to the establishment of cyto-histological gradients leading to gall tissue redifferentiation. ROS overproduction induces the failure of gall establishment or its premature senescence. Galls could therefore have efficient mechanisms of ROS dissipation and maintenance of homeostasis, such as polyphenol synthesis.

Spatiotemporal variation in phenolic levels in galls of calophyids on Schinus polygama (Anacardiaceae).

The expression of plant secondary metabolism is strongly controlled by plant both in time and space. Although the variation of secondary metabolites, such as soluble and structural phenolics (e.g.

Does Acacia dealbata express shade tolerance in Mediterranean forest ecosystems of South America?

The distribution of Acacia dealbata Link (Fabaceae) in its non-native range is associated with disturbed areas. However, the possibility that it can penetrate the native forest during the invasion process cannot be ruled out. This statement is supported by the fact that this species has been experimentally established successfully under the canopy of native forest.