Selective laser trabeculoplasty: An updated narrative review.

Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) has experienced a resurgence in interest, primarily driven by promising findings from the Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension Trial. By offering SLT as an initial drug-free treatment option, we may be able to thwart issues such as adherence and persistence that plague our current medical management protocols. In this comprehensive narrative review, we delve into the current body of literature that explores the utility of SLT across a wide spectrum of scenarios and glaucoma subtypes.

Super-Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Nephrolithiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the current evidence regarding the role of super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP), which refers to a 7-Fr nephroscope placed through a tract sized 10-14 Fr, in treating renal stones and compare its outcomes with the standard mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) techniques. A systematic literature search was conducted on the Medline database via PubMed and SCOPUS until May 2022 to retrieve the relevant studies. The titles and abstracts of unique records were screened for eligibility, followed by the full-text screening of potentially eligible abstracts.

A Deep Learning System for Automated Quality Evaluation of Optic Disc Photographs in Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders.

The quality of ocular fundus photographs can affect the accuracy of the morphologic assessment of the optic nerve head (ONH), either by humans or by deep learning systems (DLS). In order to automatically identify ONH photographs of optimal quality, we have developed, trained, and tested a DLS, using an international, multicentre, multi-ethnic dataset of 5015 ocular fundus photographs from 31 centres in 20 countries participating to the Brain and Optic Nerve Study with Artificial Intelligence (BONSAI). The reference standard in image quality was established by three experts who independently classified photographs as of "good", "borderline", or "poor" quality.

Aqueous outflow channels and its lymphatic association: A review.

The human eye has a unique immune architecture and behavior. While the conjunctiva is known to have a well-defined lymphatic drainage system, the cornea, sclera, and uveal tissues were historically considered "alymphatic" and thought to be immune privileged. The very fact that the aqueous outflow channels carry a clear fluid (aqueous humor) along the outflow pathway makes it hard to ignore its lymphatic-like characteristics.

The Singapore Asymptomatic Narrow Angles Laser Iridotomy Study: Five-Year Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To examine the efficacy of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in patients who received a diagnosis of primary angle-closure suspect (PACS).

Design: Prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Participants: This multicenter, randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.

Altered Iris Aquaporin Expression and Aqueous Humor Osmolality in Glaucoma.

Purpose: Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate transmembrane osmotic water transport and may play a role in iris fluid conductivity, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. In this study, we compared the iris expression of AQPs and aqueous osmolality between primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and nonglaucoma eyes.

Methods: AQP1-5 transcripts from a cohort of 36 PACG, 34 POAG and 26 nonglaucoma irises were measured by quantitative real-time PCR.

Effect of Pharmacological Pupil Dilatation on Angle Configuration in Untreated Primary Angle Closure Suspects: A Swept Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

Precis: Angle-closure worsens with pharmacological dilatation in about 50.0% of the subjects diagnosed as primary angle-closure suspects (PACSs).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in angle configuration with swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography before and after pharmacological pupil dilatation in untreated PACSs.

Young's Modulus Determination of Normal and Glaucomatous Human Iris.

Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical properties (Young's modulus) of normal (control) and glaucomatous human iris using atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Methods: Iris tissue obtained from eighteen glaucomatous subjects (equal number of eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and five normal subjects who underwent elective eye surgery were subjected to the estimation of Young's modulus by AFM. Force measurements were done at room temperature using Nanowizard II BioAFM.

Association of Baseline Anterior Segment Parameters With the Development of Incident Gonioscopic Angle Closure.

Importance: Baseline anterior segment imaging parameters associated with incident gonioscopic angle closure, to our knowledge, are unknown.

Objective: To identify baseline quantitative anterior segment optical coherence tomography parameters associated with the development of incident gonioscopic angle closure after 4 years among participants with gonioscopically open angles at baseline.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Three hundred forty-two participants aged 50 years or older were recruited to participate in this prospective, community-based observational study.

Distinct iris gene expression profiles of primary angle closure glaucoma and primary open angle glaucoma and their interaction with ocular biometric parameters.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate differences in iris gene expression profiles between primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and their interaction with biometric characteristics.

Design: Prospective study.

Participants: Thirty-five subjects with PACG and thirty-three subjects with POAG who required trabeculectomy were enrolled at the Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.

Determinants of pupil diameters and pupil dynamics in an adult Chinese population.

Background: To investigate the determinants of pupil diameter (PD), amplitude of pupil diameter change (PD-change) and speed of pupil constriction (SPC) using video anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in a population-based sample of Chinese adults.

Methods: Chinese adults aged 40 to 80 years who were free from glaucoma were consecutively recruited from the population-based Singapore Chinese Eye Study. The SPC was measured by AS-OCT videography.

Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty for Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) in primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Participants: Eighty PAC or PACG subjects who underwent laser iridotomy (LI) and had at least 180° of persistent appositional angle closure and intraocular pressure (IOP) of more than 21 mmHg were enrolled.

Anterior Segment Imaging Predicts Incident Gonioscopic Angle Closure.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence of gonioscopic angle closure after 4 years in subjects with gonioscopically open angles but varying degrees of angle closure detected on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS OCT; Visante; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) at baseline.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Participants: Three hundred forty-two subjects, mostly Chinese, 50 years of age or older, were recruited, of whom 65 were controls with open angles on gonioscopy and AS OCT at baseline, and 277 were cases with baseline open angles on gonioscopy but closed angles (1-4 quadrants) on AS OCT scans.

The Prevalence and Types of Glaucoma in an Urban Chinese Population: The Singapore Chinese Eye Study.

Importance: Glaucoma represents a major public health challenge in an aging population. The Tanjong Pagar Eye Study reported the prevalence and risk factors of glaucoma in a Singapore Chinese population in 1997, which established the higher rates of blindness in this population.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for glaucoma among Chinese adults in Singapore and to compare the results with those of the 1997 study.

The Impact of Lens Vault on Visual Acuity and Refractive Error: Implications for Management of Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between lens vault (LV), visual acuity (VA), and refraction.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 2047 subjects aged 50 years and older recruited from a community polyclinic. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was performed, and customized software was used to measure LV.

Changes in anterior segment dimensions over 4 years in a cohort of Singaporean subjects with open angles.

Aim: To evaluate quantitative changes in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) parameters at 4 years in subjects with open angles on gonioscopy at baseline.

Methods: 339 gonioscopically open-angle subjects aged >50 years underwent AS-OCT imaging (Visante, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) at baseline and at 4 years. Customised software was used to analyse images.

Efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty in primary angle-closure glaucoma: a randomized clinical trial.

Importance: Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) should be explored as a therapeutic option in eyes with angle closure.

Objective: To assess the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of SLT in eyes with primary angle closure (PAC) and PAC glaucoma (PACG).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized clinical trial at tertiary eye care institutions of 100 patients diagnosed as having PAC or PAC glaucoma in which the angles had opened at least 180° (visible posterior trabecular meshwork on gonioscopy) after laser iridotomy.

The prevalence and types of glaucoma in an urban Indian population: the Singapore Indian Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and types of glaucoma in an urban Singaporean Indian population.

Methods: The Singapore Indian Eye Study (SINDI) was a population-based, cross-sectional survey that examined 3400 (75.6% response) persons aged 40 to 80 years.

Qualitative evaluation of the iris and ciliary body by ultrasound biomicroscopy in subjects with angle closure.

Purpose: To qualitatively analyze anterior chamber structures imaged by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in primary angle-closure patients.

Methods: Subjects diagnosed as primary angle-closure suspect (PACS), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and previous acute primary angle closure (APAC) were recruited prospectively along with a group of normal controls. UBM was performed under standardized dark room conditions and qualitative assessment was carried out using a set of reference photographs of standard UBM images to categorize the various anatomic features related to angle configuration.

Analysis of anterior segment dynamics using anterior segment optical coherence tomography before and after laser peripheral iridotomy.

Objective: To evaluate changes in the speed of pupil constriction and in anterior segment parameters after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in patients with angle closure using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, videos of pupil and anterior segment changes in response to illumination were captured with real-time video recording using anterior segment optical coherence tomography and were analyzed frame by frame before and after LPI. Customized software was used to measure the speed of pupil constriction and changes in anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber area, as well as iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur, at the sphincter muscle region (0.

Relationship between intraocular pressure and angle configuration: an anterior segment OCT study.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) configuration as assessed by gonioscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods: A total of 2045 subjects aged 50 years and older, were recruited from a community clinic and underwent AS-OCT, Goldmann applanation tonometry, and gonioscopy. A quadrant was classified as closed on gonioscopy if the posterior trabecular meshwork could not be seen.

Variations in iris volume with physiologic mydriasis in subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the changes in iris volume with pupil dilation using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in eyes of subjects with different subtypes of primary angle closure.

Methods: This prospective study examined 44 fellow eyes (FA group) of subjects with previous acute primary angle closure (APAC), and 56 subjects (AC group) with chronic primary angle closure and/or primary angle closure glaucoma. All participants underwent gonioscopy and AS-OCT imaging.

Efficacy and safety of collagen matrix implants in phacotrabeculectomy and comparison with mitomycin C augmented phacotrabeculectomy at 1 year.

Background: To assess the efficacy and safety of collagen matrix implant (Ologen) in phacotrabeculectomy.

Design: Prospective, non-randomized, comparative study.

Participants: Sixty-six Asian patients.