Long term follow-up of visual acuity and incidence of subretinal neovascularization in Mactel Type 2 in 82 Eyes.

Purpose: : To evaluate the long-term natural course of macular telangiectasia Type 2, correlation with visual acuity and the incidence of Choroidal Neovascularisation (CNV) in Indian eyes.

Material And Methods: : A Retrospective analysis of Patients with MacTel Type 2 was done over a period of 12 years with all patients having a minimum of 3 years follow up. The demographic details and ocular characteristics including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography images were studied in both proliferative and non-proliferative MacTel.

Vitreoretinal Society of India practice pattern survey 2020: Surgical retina.

Purpose: To present the outcomes of the Vitreo-retinal Society of India (VRSI) Practice Pattern Survey 2020 in surgical retina.

Methods: An online survey of members of VRSI was conducted in April 2020 regarding their practice patterns on varied medical and surgical retina topics concerning imaging and management approach. The results were evaluated by two independent experts in this field and compared with the evidence and other practice patterns in the world.

Vitreoretinal Society of India practice pattern survey 2020: Medical retina.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the outcomes of the Vitreo-retinal Society of India (VRSI) Practice Pattern Survey 2020 in medical retina.

Methods: An online survey of members of VRSI was conducted in April 2020 regarding their practice-patterns on varied medical and surgical retina topics concerning imaging and management approach. The results were evaluated by two independent experts in this field and compared with the evidence and other practice patterns in the world.

Ion-channel regulation of response decorrelation in a heterogeneous multi-scale model of the dentate gyrus.

Heterogeneities in biological neural circuits manifest in afferent connectivity as well as in local-circuit components such as neuronal excitability, neural structure and local synaptic strengths. The expression of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) amplifies local-circuit heterogeneities and guides heterogeneities in afferent connectivity. How do neurons and their networks endowed with these distinct forms of heterogeneities respond to perturbations to individual ion channels, which are known to change under several physiological and pathophysiological conditions? We sequentially traversed the ion channels-neurons-network scales and assessed the impact of eliminating individual ion channels on conductance-based neuronal and network models endowed with disparate local-circuit and afferent heterogeneities.

Ti-9Mn β-type alloy exhibits better osteogenicity than Ti-15Mn alloy in vitro.

Ti-9Mn and Ti-15Mn were prepared using an arc furnace in order to understand their osteogenic behavior as a biomedical implant. Ti-9Mn surface showed a significantly lower contact angle value (41%) as compared with the Ti-15Mn surface. The higher Ra and lower hydrophilicity values of Ti-9Mn alloy as compared with Ti-15Mn alloy indicates that Ti-9Mn can have better osteoconductive properties.

Antibody-mediated depletion of CCR10+EphA3+ cells ameliorates fibrosis in IPF.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by aberrant repair that diminishes lung function via mechanisms that remain poorly understood. CC chemokine receptor (CCR10) and its ligand CCL28 were both elevated in IPF compared with normal donors. CCR10 was highly expressed by various cells from IPF lungs, most notably stage-specific embryonic antigen-4-positive mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs).

Chromatic and flicker threshold changes in age-related macular degeneration following anti-VEGF treatment.

Clinical Relevance: Red-green chromatic sensitivity and photopic (cone-mediated) flicker sensitivity showed marked improvement after anti-VEGF treatment. The use of flicker and chromatic sensitivities as potential functional tests to monitor treatment outcomes in age-related macular degeneration highlights the clinical importance.

Background: High-contrast visual acuity (VA) is not a sensitive clinical marker in the management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Initial phantom studies for an office-based low-field MR system for prostate biopsy.

Purpose: Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in US men, with about 192,000 new cases and 33,000 deaths predicted for 2020. With only a 31% 5-year survival rate for patients with an initial diagnosis of stage-four prostate cancer, the necessity for early screening and diagnosis is clear. In this paper, we present navigation accuracy results for Promaxo's MR system intended to be used in a physician's office for image-guided transperineal prostate biopsy.

Benchmarking surface tension measurement method using two oscillation modes in levitated liquid metals.

The Faraday forcing method in levitated liquid droplets has recently been introduced as a method for measuring surface tension using resonance. By subjecting an electrostatically levitated liquid metal droplet to a continuous, oscillatory, electric field, at a frequency nearing that of the droplet's first principal mode of oscillation (known as mode 2), the method was previously shown to determine surface tension of materials that would be particularly difficult to process by other means, e.g.

Biomimetic FPGA-based spatial navigation model with grid cells and place cells.

The mammalian spatial navigation system is characterized by an initial divergence of internal representations, with disparate classes of neurons responding to distinct features including location, speed, borders and head direction; an ensuing convergence finally enables navigation and path integration. Here, we report the algorithmic and hardware implementation of biomimetic neural structures encompassing a feed-forward trimodular, multi-layer architecture representing grid-cell, place-cell and decoding modules for navigation. The grid-cell module comprised of neurons that fired in a grid-like pattern, and was built of distinct layers that constituted the dorsoventral span of the medial entorhinal cortex.

An Overview of Next-Generation Androgen Receptor-Targeted Therapeutics in Development for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer.

Traditional endocrine therapy for prostate cancer (PCa) has been directed at suppression of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis since Huggins et al. discovered that diethylstilbestrol (DES; an estrogen) produced chemical castration and PCa tumor regression. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) still remains the first-line PCa therapy.

Androgen receptor-reduced sensitivity is associated with increased mortality and poorer glycaemia in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Hypogonadism is associated with poorer glycaemic outcomes/increased all-cause and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Increasing CAG repeat number within exon-1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene is associated with increased AR resistance/insulin resistance.

Methods: We determined in a long-term 14-year follow-up cohort of 423 T2DM Caucasian men, the association between baseline androgen status/CAG repeat number (by PCR then Sequenom sequencing) and metabolic/cardiovascular outcomes.

Supplemental Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Pigs.

Recombinant human IGF-1/binding protein-3 (rhIGF-1/BP-3) is currently tested as a therapy in preterm infants but possible effects on the gut, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), have not been tested. The aim of this study was to evaluate if rhIGF-1/BP-3 supplementation in the first days after birth negatively affects clinical variables like growth, physical activity, blood chemistry and hematology and gut maturation (e.g.

The economic burden of diabetic retinopathy care at a tertiary eye care center in South India.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the cost and factors affecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) care in a tertiary eye care facility in South India.

Methods: In a retrospective, observational study, we evaluated the costs incurred in DR management in each stage of retinopathy from electronic medical records. Both medical and indirect costs (transportation and boarding) were calculated.

The accuracy and predictability of micro Doppler radar signature projection algorithm measuring functional movement in NCAA athletes.

Background: Development of accessible cost-effective technology to objectively, reliably, and accurately predict musculoskeletal injury risk could aid the effort to prevent chronic pain and disability. Recent work on micro-Doppler radar suggests it merits investigation towards these goals. The micro-Doppler signals that are created can infer differences in gross movements such as walking versus crawling in military settings where direct vision is not possible.

Genetically defined favourable adiposity is not associated with a clinically meaningful difference in clinical course in people with type 2 diabetes but does associate with a favourable metabolic profile.

Aims: Change in weight, HbA , lipids, blood pressure and cardiometabolic events over time is variable in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that people with a genetic predisposition to a more favourable adiposity distribution could have a less severe clinical course/progression.

Methods: We involved people with type 2 diabetes from two UK-based cohorts: 11,914 individuals with GP follow-up data from the UK Biobank and 723 from Salford.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secreted Extracellular Vesicles Instruct Stepwise Dedifferentiation of Breast Cancer Cells into Dormancy at the Bone Marrow Perivascular Region.

In the bone marrow (BM), breast cancer cells (BCC) can survive in dormancy for decades as cancer stem cells (CSC), resurging as tertiary metastasis. The endosteal region where BCCs exist as CSCs poses a challenge to target them, mostly due to the coexistence of endogenous hematopoietic stem cells. This study addresses the early period of dormancy when BCCs enter BM at the perivascular region to begin the transition into CSCs, which we propose as the final step in dormancy.

Response of L V Prasad Eye Institute to COVID-19 outbreak in India: experience at its tertiary eye care centre and adoption to its Eye Health Pyramid.

Aim: To summarize the experience of response to COVID-19 outbreak at a tertiary eye care institute and its network of health facilities in India.

Methods: Our responses are based on the principles of social distancing, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquettes, surface disinfection protocol, and rational use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). We describe our response in terms of administrative controls, clinical protocols, staff protection, environmental controls, and social distancing measures.

Changing trends in the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) biosimilars: Insights from the Vitreoretinal Society of India Biosimilars of Anti-VEGF Survey.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the outcomes of the 2018 and 2020 Vitreo-retinal Society of India (VRSI) biosimilars of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (VIBE) surveys.

Methods: An online survey of members of VRSI was conducted in July 2018 and January 2020 regarding their practice-patterns on anti-VEGF biosimilars pertaining to safety, efficacy, pricing, and need for enhanced clinical trials before regulatory approval.

Results: In 2018, 112 VRSI members participated, whereas in 2020, 98 society members participated.

QED_{3}-Inspired Three-Dimensional Conformal Lattice Gauge Theory without Fine-Tuning.

We construct a conformal lattice theory with only gauge degrees of freedom based on the induced nonlocal gauge action in QED_{3} coupled to large number of flavors N of massless two-component Dirac fermions. This lattice system displays signatures of criticality in gauge observables, without any fine-tuning of couplings and can be studied without Monte Carlo critical slowdown. By coupling exactly massless fermion sources to the lattice gauge model, we demonstrate that nontrivial anomalous dimensions are induced in fermion bilinears depending on the dimensionless electric charge of the fermion.

Sub-optimal gain in vision in retinal vein occlusion due to under-treatment in the real world: results from an open-label prospective study of Intravitreal Ranibizumab.

Background: Macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is an important cause of loss of vision. Intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are the standard of care in this disease, as shown in numerous randomized controlled trials. The purpose of this study was to study the efficacy and safety of ranibizumab, an anti-VEGF agent, in the real-world setting.