Phylogenomics resolves long-standing questions about the affinities of an endangered Corsican endemic fly.

Recent studies on oestroidean Diptera (Brachycera) are providing a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the evolutionary history of this remarkably diverse clade of holometabolous insects. The Oestroidea, which includes formidable pests such as various blowflies, botflies, and flesh flies that infest livestock, pets and humans, are mostly composed of beneficial species that act as scavengers or parasitoids on various pest insects. In our research, we used genomic methods to elucidate the phylogenetic position of Nesodexia corsicana Villeneuve, 1911 (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a mysterious oestroid species endemic to Corsica and characterized by distinctive morphological features that have puzzled taxonomists for years.

A phylotranscriptomic framework for flesh fly evolution (Diptera, Calyptratae, Sarcophagidae).

The Sarcophagidae (flesh flies) comprise a large and widely distributed radiation within the Calyptratae (Diptera). Larval feeding habits are ecologically diverse and include sarcosaprophagy, coprophagy, herbivory, invertebrate and vertebrate predation, and kleptoparasitism. To elucidate the geographic origin and evolution of flesh fly life-history, we inferred a backbone phylogeny based on transcriptomic data from 26 sarcophagid species covering all three subfamilies plus 15 outgroups.

Phylogenomic analysis of Calyptratae: resolving the phylogenetic relationships within a major radiation of Diptera.

The Calyptratae, one of the most species-rich fly clades, only originated and diversified after the Cretaceous-Palaeogene extinction event and yet exhibit high species diversity and a diverse array of life history strategies including predation, phytophagy, saprophagy, haematophagy and parasitism. We present the first phylogenomic analysis of calyptrate relationships. The analysis is based on 40 species representing all calyptrate families and on nucleotide and amino acid data for 1456 single-copy protein-coding genes obtained from shotgun sequencing of transcriptomes.

Treating children without antibiotics in primary healthcare.

The overuse of antibiotics in children is becoming a major public health problem. Although most of the common childhood infections such as diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses, large volumes of antibiotics are prescribed for these infections in children in the primary care settings. Excessive use of antibiotics is the fundamental risk factor for the development of antibiotic resistance.

Caffey disease or infantile cortical hyperostosis: a case report.

Caffey disease or Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis (ICH) is a rare and mostly self limiting condition affecting young infants. It is characterized by acute inflammation of the periostium and the overlying soft tissue and is accompanied by systemic changes of irritability and fever. Diagnosis may be delayed as this disorder mimics a wide range of diseases including osteomyelitis, hypervitaminosis A, scurvy, bone tumors and child abuse.

Morphology versus molecules: the phylogenetic relationships of Sepsidae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) based on morphology and DNA sequence data from ten genes.

The Sepsidae is, with approximately 300 described species, a relatively small family of cyclorrhaphan flies whose behaviour, morphology, and development have been extensively studied. However, currently the only available tree for Sepsidae is more than 10 years old and was based entirely on morphological characters. Here, we present the results of parsimony and Bayesian analyses based on 75 species, ten genes, and morphology.