EDSSR: a secure and power-aware opportunistic routing scheme for WSNs.

Motivated by the pivotal role of routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the prevalent security vulnerabilities arising from existing protocols, this research tackles the inherent challenges of securing WSNs. Many current WSN routing protocols prioritize computational efficiency but lack robust security measures, making them susceptible to exploitation by malicious actors. The prevalence of reactive protocols, chosen for their lower bandwidth consumption, exacerbates security concerns, as proactive alternatives require more resources for maintaining network routes.

Detection of diffusely abnormal white matter in multiple sclerosis on multiparametric brain MRI using semi-supervised deep learning.

In addition to focal lesions, diffusely abnormal white matter (DAWM) is seen on brain MRI of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and may represent early or distinct disease processes. The role of MRI-observed DAWM is understudied due to a lack of automated assessment methods. Supervised deep learning (DL) methods are highly capable in this domain, but require large sets of labeled data.

Automatic Active Lesion Tracking in Multiple Sclerosis Using Unsupervised Machine Learning.

Background: Identifying active lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment planning of multiple sclerosis (MS). Active lesions on MRI are identified following the administration of Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). However, recent studies have reported that repeated administration of GBCA results in the accumulation of Gd in tissues.

Dynamic Imaging of Blood Coagulation Within the Hematoma of Patients With Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke.

Background: The dynamics of blood clot (combination of Hb [hemoglobin], fibrin, and a higher concentration of aggregated red blood cells) formation within the hematoma of an intracerebral hemorrhage is not well understood. A quantitative neuroimaging method of localized coagulated blood volume/distribution within the hematoma might improve clinical decision-making.

Methods: The deoxyhemoglobin of aggregated red blood cells within extravasated blood exhibits a higher magnetic susceptibility due to unpaired heme iron electrons.

Interaction of gyrotactic moment of microorganisms and nanoparticles for magnetized and chemically reactive shear-thinning fluid with stratification phenomenon.

Nanotechnology has gained substantial attention on account of its vast applications in food manufacturing, heat exchanges, electronic cooling systems, medical treatment, coolant processes, energy production, biotechnology, transportation, biochemistry, nuclear reactors, and metrology. Currently, the phenomenon of bioconvection using nanomaterials has found wide industrial and technical implementations. Contemporary nanofluids are a dynamic source for illuminating heat transport systems related to engineering as well as industrial phenomena.

Association between drinking water fluoride and the serum alkaline phosphatase and phosphate levels in pregnant women and newborn infants.

Background: Endemic fluorosis (skeletal and dental) is a serious public health problem in many parts of the world, especially in India. Age, sex, dietary calcium (Ca), the hormonal status, the dose and duration of the fluoride intake, and renal efficiency in handling fluoride all influence fluoride metabolism.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the fluoride present in drinking water on the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and phosphate levels in pregnant women and newborn infants.

Cryopreserved human umbilical cord as a meningeal patch during in utero spina bifida repair in a modified ovine model.

Objective: Despite in utero spina bifida (SB) repair, more than two-thirds of patients with SB are unable to ambulate independently, and 1 in 4 children need surgery for tethered cord by school age. The objective of this study was to test the cryopreserved human umbilical cord (HUC) as an antiscarring material to reduce tethering and improve function in a modified in utero SB repair model.

Methods: An SB defect (L2-6 levels) without myelotomy was created in fetuses of timed-pregnant ewes at gestational day (GD) 75.

Functional MRI Correlates of Carbon Dioxide Chemosensing in Persons With Epilepsy.

Objectives: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a catastrophic epilepsy outcome for which there are no reliable premortem imaging biomarkers of risk. Percival respiratory depression is seen in monitored SUDEP and near SUDEP cases, and abnormal chemosensing of raised blood carbon dioxide (CO) is thought to contribute. Damage to brainstem respiratory control and chemosensing structures has been demonstrated in structural imaging and neuropathological studies of SUDEP.

Isolated Intramuscular Cysticercosis in Children: A Case Report.

Human cysticercosis is an emerging infection caused by the larvae of Taenia solium (Cysticercus cellulosae). The most common sites for cysticercosis are the central nervous system, subcutaneous tissues, eyes, and muscles. Isolated intramuscular cysticercosis without brain involvement is rare and only a few reports are available in children.

Knowledge extraction of sonophotocatalytic treatment for acid blue 113 dye removal by artificial neural networks.

Removing decolorizing acid blue 113 (AB113) dye from textile wastewater is challenging due to its high stability and resistance to removal. In this study, we used an artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate the effect of five different variables on AB113 dye removal in the sonophotocatalytic process. The five variables considered were reaction time (5-25 min), pH (3-11), ZnO dosage (0.

Allografts for Skin Closure during In Utero Spina Bifida Repair in a Sheep Model.

Objectives: Use of off-label tissue graft materials, such as acellular dermal matrix (ADM), for in utero repair of severe spina bifida (SB), where primary skin layer closure is not possible, is associated with poor neurological outcomes. The cryopreserved human umbilical cord (HUC) patch has regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-scarring properties, and provides watertight SB repair. We tested the hypothesis that the HUC is a superior skin patch to ADM for reducing inflammation at the repair site and preserving spinal cord function.

Targeting white matter neuroprotection as a relapse prevention strategy for treatment of cocaine use disorder: Design of a mechanism-focused randomized clinical trial.

Cocaine use continues to be a significant public health problem with limited treatment options and no approved pharmacotherapies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) remains the mainstay treatment for preventing relapse, however, people with chronic cocaine use display cognitive impairments that are associated with poor response to CBT. Emerging evidence in animal and human studies suggests that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR- γ) agonist, pioglitazone, improves white matter integrity that is essential for cognitive function.

Predictive capability evaluation and optimization of Pb(II) removal by reduced graphene oxide-based inverse spinel nickel ferrite nanocomposite.

Pb(II) is a heavy metal that is a prominent contaminant in water contamination. Among the different pollution removal strategies, adsorption was determined to be the most effective. The adsorbent and its type determine the adsorption process's efficiency.

Glycoconjugation of Shigella flexneri type 2a O-polysaccharide with CRM as a potential vaccine candidate for shigellosis.

Shigellosis, a diarrheal disorder caused by an entero-invasive bacterium Shigella, is a major concern among children often leading to mortality. As most of these strains have developed universal antibiotic resistance, the development of a vaccine is crucial in combating the infection. The O-specific polysaccharide (O-PSs) from S.

Artificial neural networks modeling for lead removal from aqueous solutions using iron oxide nanocomposites from bio-waste mass.

Heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions are taken into account as one of the most harmful environmental issues that ominously affect human health. Pb(II) is a common pollutant among heavy metals found in industrial wastewater, and various methods were developed to remove the Pb(II). The adsorption method was more efficient, cheap, and eco-friendly to remove the Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.

Modeling and optimization of process parameters of biofilm reactor for wastewater treatment.

The efficiency of heavy metal in biofilm reactors depends on absorption process parameters, and those relationships are complicated. This study explores artificial neural networks (ANNs) feasibility to correlate the biofilm reactor process parameters with absorption efficiency. The heavy metal removal and turbidity were modeled as a function of five process parameters, namely pH, temperature(°C), feed flux(ml/min), substrate flow(ml/min), and hydraulic retention time(h).

Prediction of batch sorption of barium and strontium from saline water.

Celestite and barite formation results in contamination of barium and strontium ions hinder oilfield water purification. Conversion of bio-waste sorbent products deals with a viable, sustainable and clean remediation approach for removing contaminants. Biochar sorbent produced from rice straw was used to remove barium and strontium ions of saline water from petroleum industries.

Modeling and optimization of chlorophenol rejection for spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane modules.

This study shows an artificial neural network (ANN) model of chlorophenol rejection from aqueous solutions and predicting the performance of spiral wound reverse osmosis (SWRO) modules. This type of rejection shows complex non-linear dependencies on feed pressure, feed temperature, concentration, and feed flow rate. It provides a demanding test of the application of ANN model analysis to SWRO modules.

In vitro and in vivo comparative performance studies of gadolinium-loaded zeolites and Gd-DOTA as contrast agents for MRI applications.

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (CAs) were synthesized using faujasite zeolite (NaX) and zeolite beta (BEA) and their performances in vitro and in vivo were compared to the widely used commercial CA, gadoteric acid (Gd-DOTA). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxometry studies (considering longitudinal [T ] and transverse [T ] relaxation times) were performed using Gd-DOTA and the zeolitic materials loaded with Gd . The Gd-loaded NaX, which presented large pores and cavities (7.

Sensitive Detection of Infratentorial and Upper Cervical Cord Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis with Combined 3D FLAIR and T2-Weighted (FLAIR3) Imaging.

Background And Purpose: Infratentorial and spinal cord lesions are important for diagnosing and monitoring multiple sclerosis, but they are difficult to detect on conventional MR imaging. We sought to improve the detection of infratentorial and upper cervical cord lesions using composite FLAIR3 images.

Materials And Methods: 3D T2-weighted FLAIR and 3D T2-weighted images were acquired in 30 patients with MS and combined using the FLAIR3 formula.

Quantitative Assessment of In Vivo Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament Autograft Remodeling: A 3-Dimensional UTE-T2* Imaging Study.

Background: The timing of return to play after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is still controversial due to uncertainty of true ACL graft state at the time of RTP. Recent work utilizing ultra-short echo T2* (UTE-T2*) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a scanner-independent method to objectively and non-invasively assess the status of in vivo ACL graft remodeling has produced promising results.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to prospectively and noninvasively investigate longitudinal changes in T2* within ACL autografts at incremental time points up to 12 months after primary ACL reconstruction in human patients.

Examination of preliminary behavioral and effective connectivity findings from treatment response to citalopram in cocaine use disorder: A dynamic causal modeling study.

We sought effective (directional) connectivity parameters associated with response to citalopram in cocaine use disorder (CUD) by conducting a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment with participants diagnosed with CUD (n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC; n = 17). CUD participants showed a positive correlation between bilateral DLPFC-to-putamen effective connectivity and treatment effectiveness score. These preliminary results support further investigation of prefrontal-striatal interactions in response to treatment in CUD.

Deep learning segmentation of gadolinium-enhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the performance of deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in segmenting gadolinium-enhancing lesions using a large cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods: A three-dimensional (3D) CNN model was trained for segmentation of gadolinium-enhancing lesions using multispectral magnetic resonance imaging data (MRI) from 1006 relapsing-remitting MS patients. The network performance was evaluated for three combinations of multispectral MRI used as input: (U5) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T2-weighted, proton density-weighted, and pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted images; (U2) pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted images; and (U1) only post-contrast T1-weighted images.

A meta-analysis of tract-based spatial statistics studies examining white matter integrity in cocaine use disorder.

Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have consistently shown diminished white matter (WM) integrity for individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD). The present study used seed-based d mapping (SDM) to determine the extent to which a systematic difference in the WM integrity of cocaine users may exist (as compared with that of healthy controls). Articles from 2006 (when TBSS was first developed) to present were reviewed, with eight selected for inclusion.