Tuning the physiochemical properties of polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite composite films by gamma irradiation for biomedical applications.

Physiochemical properties of polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (PCL-HAp) composites were investigated in the pristine and after irradiation of γ rays (25, 50, 75, and 100 kGy). PCL-HAp composites were synthesized by solvent evaporation and characterized using spectroscopic methods as well as biological assays. The surface roughness (RMS) of the irradiated composite film (at 75 kGy) was 80 times higher than that of the pristine.

Disposable biosensors based on metal nanoparticles.

The coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for disposable biosensors that can detect viruses in infected patients quickly due to fast response and also at a low cost.The present review provides an overview of the applications of disposable biosensors based on metal nanoparticles in enzymatic and non-enzymatic sensors with special reference to glucose and HO, immunosensors as well as genosensors (DNA biosensors in which the recognized event consists of the hybridization reaction)for point-of-care diagnostics. The disposable biosensors for COVID19 have also been discussed.

Detection of the mineral constituents in human renal calculi by vibrational spectroscopic analysis combined with allied techniques Powder XRD, TGA, SEM, IR imaging and TXRF.

Detection of the mineral constituents in a batch of 310 samples of human urinary calculi (kidney stones-235 and bladder stones-75) combined with a semi-quantitative analysis has been presented on the basis of Fourier Transform based IR and Raman spectral measurements. Some of the observed characteristic IR and Raman bands have been proposed as 'Marker Bands' for the most reliable identification of the constituents. A detailed vibrational spectral analysis combined with a DFT level calculation for the functional groups in Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (COM), Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate (MAPH), Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (CHPD), Penta-Calcium Hydroxy-Triphosphate (PCHT) and Uric Acid (UA) has been proposed.

Cyclodextrin based bone regenerative inclusion complex for resveratrol in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Recent preclinical studies have shown that resveratrol (RSV), is a promising remedy for osteoporosis owing to its estrogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, RSV has met limited success due to its poor oral bioavailability and inefficient systemic delivery. In this study, we prepared the inclusion complex of RSV with sulfo-butyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) to enhance the aqueous solubility of RSV.

CS/Au/MWCNT nanohybrid as an efficient carrier for the sustained release of 5-FU and a study of its cytotoxicity on MCF-7.

The chemical reduction method has been used to adeptly synthesize a CS/Au/MWCNT nanocomposite, to be used as a carrier for the effectual delivery of the anticancer drug 5-Fluorouracil. The work aims at utilizing the less investigated ternary nanocomposite system containing chitosan (CS), gold (Au) and MWCNT's to attain higher encapsulation efficiency and to enable a more sustained and prolonged release of 5-FU. This system has improved cytotoxicity when compared to the CS/Au binary system.

Fabrication of 3D printed antimicrobial polycaprolactone scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Synthetic polymers are widely employed for bone tissue engineering due to their tunable physical properties and biocompatibility. Inherently, most of these polymers display poor antimicrobial properties. Infection at the site of implantation is a major cause for failure or delay in bone healing process and the development of antimicrobial polymers is highly desired.

Morphological and elemental mapping of gallstones using synchrotron microtomography and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.

Background And Aim: Regional differences in gallstone (GS) composition are well documented in the Indian subcontinent. The reasons for the same are unknown. Etiopathogenesis of GS remains elusive despite advances in instrumentation.

Effect of passaging on the stemness of infrapatellar fat pad‑derived stem cells and potential role of nucleostemin as a prognostic marker of impaired stemness.

Infrapatellar fat pad‑derived stem cells (IFPSCs) are emerging as an alternative to adipose tissue‑derived stem cells (ADSCs) from other sources. They are a reliable source of autologous stem cells obtained from medical waste that are suitable for use in cell‑based therapy, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Such clinical applications require a vast number of high‑quality IFPSCs.

Biomimetic fabrication of mineralized composite films of nanosilver loaded native fibrillar collagen and chitosan.

Silver nanoparticles loaded fibrillar collagen-chitosan matrix (CC) was prepared by biomimetic approach by blending silver nanoparticles (tAgNPs), collagen fibril and chitosan hydrogel followed by cross-linking and biomineralization. Electron micrograph showed that the surface of the composites exhibited native fibrillar morphology of collagen and their cross-section revealed layer-like arrangement of native fibrillar collagen. The mineralized composites exhibited surface mineralization of calcium phosphates incorporated with magnesium.

Porous Gelatin Membrane Obtained from Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Graphene Oxide.

This article presents a novel procedure for preparing porous membranes from water-soluble polymers involving the formation of a Pickering emulsion. Gelatin is a biodegradable biopolymer obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen. A biopolymer such as gelatin is capable of adsorbing at an oil/water interface, resulting in decreased interfacial energy.

Design of Boron Nitride/Gelatin Electrospun Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Gelatin is a biodegradable biopolymer obtained by collagen denaturation, which shows poor mechanical properties. Hence, improving its mechanical properties is very essential toward the fabrication of efficient nontoxic material for biomedical applications. For this aim, various methods are employed using external fillers such as ceramics or bioglass.

Green synthesis of Si-incorporated hydroxyapatite using sodium metasilicate as silicon precursor and in vitro antibiotic release studies.

The aim of the current study is to synthesize nanosized silicon incorporated HAp (Si-HAP) using sodium metasilicate as the silicon source. The sol-gel derived samples were further subjected to microwave irradiation. Incorporation of Si into HAp did not alter the HAp phase, as confirmed by the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).

Chemical and structural analysis of gallstones from the Indian subcontinent.

Representative gallstones from north and southern parts of India were analyzed by a combination of physicochemical methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), CHNS analysis, thermal analysis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (H and C). The stones from north Indian were predominantly consisting of cholesterol monohydrate and anhydrous cholesterol which was confirmed by XRD analysis. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate in the south Indian gallstones.

Agarose encapsulated mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite nanocomposites powder for drug delivery.

The powder composites are predominantly used for filling of voids in bone and as drug delivery carrier to prevent the infection or inflammatory reaction in the damaged tissues. The objective of this work was to study the synthesis of agarose encapsulation on carbonated hydroxyapatite powder and their biological and drug delivery properties. Mesoporous, nanosized carbonated hydroxyapatite/agarose (CHAp/agarose) powder composites were prepared by solvothermal method and subsequently calcined to study the physico-chemical changes, if it subjected to thermal exposure.

Surface stiffening and enhanced photoluminescence of ion implanted cellulose - polyvinyl alcohol - silica composite.

Novel Cellulose (Cel) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-Silica (Si) composite which has good stability and in vitro degradation was prepared by lyophilization technique and implanted using N(3+) ions of energy 24keV in the fluences of 1×10(15), 5×10(15) and 1×10(16)ions/cm(2). SEM analysis revealed the formation of microstructures, and improved the surface roughness on ion implantation. In addition to these structural changes, the implantation significantly modified the luminescent, thermal and mechanical properties of the samples.

Novel biocompatible electrospun gelatin fiber mats with antibiotic drug delivery properties.

The aim of this study was to synthesize stable gelatin electrospun mats (ESMs) (cross-linked by glutaraldehyde (GTA) vapors) with tunable drug release properties using pH as a stimulus. Gelatin ESMs loaded with rhodamine as a model drug were first synthesized. The in vitro release of rhodamine was characterized to understand the mechanisms of drug release and the effects of both cross-linker concentration and pH on drug release.

Silver ion impregnated composite biomaterial optimally prepared using zeta potential measurements.

Biodegradable, antimicrobial composite of various silver ion concentrations was synthesized using zeta potential and isoelectric point measurements, for a controlled release of silver ions, and in addition to assess the effect of protein adsorption with the increase of the silver ion concentration. The interaction between hydroxyapatite (HAp) and silver incorporated hydroxyapatite (AgHAp) with gelatin was increased by optimally adjusting the zeta potential and isoelectric point of the ceramic (HAp and AgHAp), and bio-polymer individually. The electrostatic interactions between the ceramic and biopolymer were confirmed, through shifts in N-H stretching, decrease in the swelling ratio, and increase in the degradation temperature observed by the derivative thermo-gravimetric analysis (DTG).

Physicochemical analysis of urinary stones from Dharmapuri district.

Nephrolithiasis is a common disease caused by the multifactorial components such as geographical location, bacterial infection, low urine volume, and low intake of water. This disease induces severe metabolic abnormalities in the human body. As the prevalence of this disease was high in Dharmapuri district located in Tamil Nadu, urinary stones removed from the patients pertaining to this district were collected and to identify the toxic elements present in the stones.

Freeze dried cross linking free biodegradable composites with microstructures for tissue engineering and drug delivery application.

Biodegradable laminated polymer composites of agarose (A), gelatin (G) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) having 3D network of interconnected pores (1-500 μm) were fabricated without using cross linking agents. The incorporation of HAp to A, G and AG had considerable influence on the swelling behaviour, drug release and haemolytic activity. A-HAp scaffolds demonstrated interconnected porosity with extended drug release.

Blood compatibility of iron-doped nanosize hydroxyapatite and its drug release.

Nanosize hydroxyapatite (nHAp) doped with varying levels of Fe(3+) (Fe-nHAp of average size 75 nm) was synthesized by hydrothermal and microwave techniques. The samples were characterized for physiochemical properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), mechanical and dielectric properties. The biological properties like hemocompatibility, antibacterial efficacy, in vitro bioactivity and the cell proliferation of the samples were determined.

Surfactant free rapid synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanorods by a microwave irradiation method for the treatment of bone infection.

Mesoporous nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHAp) rods of size 40-75 nm long and 25 nm wide (resembling bone mineral) were synthesized under microwave irradiation without using any surfactants or modifiers. The surface area and average pore size of the nHAp were found to be 32 m(2) g(-1) and 4 nm, respectively. Rifampicin (RIF) and ciprofloxacin (CPF) loaded nHAp displayed an initial burst followed by controlled release (zero order kinetics).

Synthesis and characterization of bioactive hydroxyapatite-calcite nanocomposite for biomedical applications.

In a number of recent reports on the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) by sol-gel method using citric acid as an organic modifier, washing was an essential step to remove the byproducts and citric acid. In the present study we made an attempt to synthesize HA by sol-gel method in the presence of citric acid, wherein we have employed calcination technique instead of the conventional washing process. The products thus obtained were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy which confirmed the formation of a nanocomposite of HA and CaCO(3) (calcite) when citric acid was added during synthesis.

Investigations on the in vitro bioactivity of swift heavy oxygen ion irradiated hydroxyapatite.

The effect of swift heavy oxygen ion irradiation of hydroxyapatite on its in vitro bioactivity was studied. The irradiation experiment was performed using oxygen ions at energy of 100 MeV with 1 x 10(12) and 1 x 10(13) ions/cm2 fluence range. The irradiated samples were characterized by glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GXRD), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Self-assembled right handed helical ribbons of the bone mineral hydroxyapatite.

A self-assembled right handed helical ribbon of bone mineral, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was crystallized in sodium meta silicate gel matrix at 27 degrees C and the physiological pH (7.4). At temperatures 37 and 47 degrees C, helical structures were followed by many Liesegang rings.

Hydrothermal synthesis of porous triphasic hydroxyapatite/(alpha and beta) tricalcium phosphate.

A novel, porous triphasic calcium phosphate composed of nonresorbable hydroxyapatite (HAp) and resorbable tricalcium phosphate (alpha- and beta-TCP) has been synthesized hydrothermally at a relatively low temperature. The calcium phosphate precursor for hydrothermal treatment was prepared by gel method in the presence of ascorbic acid. XRD, FT-IR, Raman analyses confirmed the presence of HAp/TCP.