Impact of the Good Samaritan Law on bystander intervention willingness and perceived legal risks in India.

Background: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are a global health burden, particularly in India, where response times for first responders can be prolonged. Prior to enactment of a Good Samaritan Law (GSL) in 2016, involved bystanders could face criminal and financial liability for assisting at an RTC site. This study evaluates the impact of GSL on bystander RTC attitudes, awareness, and experiences in India, comparing outcomes pre- and post-GSL implementation across metropolitan cities (MCs) and nonmetropolitan cities (NMCs).

Surface interactions of gelatin-sourced carbon quantum dots with a model globular protein: insights into carbon-based nanomaterials and biological systems.

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and carbon quantum dots (CQDs), are prevalent in biological systems and have been widely utilized in applications like environmental sensing and biomedical fields. While their presence in human matrices is projected to increase, the interfacial interactions between carbon-based nanoscopic platforms and biomolecular systems continue to remain underexplored. In this study, we investigated the effect of gelatin-sourced CQDs on the globular milk protein beta-lactoglobulin (BLG).

Pancreaticoduodenectomy in trauma patients with grade IV-V duodenal or pancreatic injuries: a post hoc analysis of an EAST multicenter trial.

Introduction: The utility of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for high-grade traumatic injuries remains unclear and data surrounding its use are limited. We hypothesized that PD does not result in improved outcomes when compared with non-PD surgical management of grade IV-V pancreaticoduodenal injuries.

Methods: This is a retrospective, multicenter analysis from 35 level 1 trauma centers from January 2010 to December 2020.

Urinary Catheter Utility in Laparoscopic Appendectomy: Risk Benefit Analysis of Post-Operative Urinary Tract Complications.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for 1 million nosocomial infections annually and 75% of all hospital-acquired UTIs. A risk factor for CAUTI is prolonged urinary catheterization (UC); therefore, transitory UC during laparoscopic appendectomy (LA), a common practice justified to avoid iatrogenic bladder injury, is believed to be safe. However, data on the incidence of post-operative UC-related complications, including CAUTI, following LA or their avoidance are limited.

LPS Increases Artery but Not Airway Contraction in Precision Cut Lung Slices from a Mouse Model of ARDS.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) results in decreased quality of life, including increased risk of pulmonary hypertension (PH). In animal models, ARDS can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which can disrupt the pulmonary endothelium and epithelium and induce inflammation. We tested whether administration or treatment with LPS alters the reactivity of intrapulmonary arteries and airways to constrictors relevant to both ARDS and PH, using the precision cut lung slice (PCLS) technique.

Carbon nanotubes as neuroprotective agents.

Carbon nanotubes, an emerging class of carbon nanomaterials, possess tremendous potential for application in biotechnology and biomedicine particularly in neurological disorders. Carbon nanotubes owing to their fascinating properties have the potential to revolutionize medicine and technology, particularly in the realm of drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and as therapeutic agents to tackle complex neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In this review, a summary of the use of carbon nanotubes for neuropathological outcomes such as alleviating oxidative stress and amyloid formation, which are well-studied molecular outcomes associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Reviewing the Diagnostic Performance of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 Imaging in Distinguishing Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease from Parkinson-Plus Syndromes.

 Diagnosing movement disorders can be challenging owing to their similar clinical presentations with other neurodegenerative and basal ganglia disorders, like idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD), essential tremors (ET), vascular parkinsonism, multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Technetium-99m labeled tropane derivative (99mTc-TRODAT-1) imaging can help in diagnosing Parkinson's disease at an early stage to help early initiation of the treatment. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 imaging in differentiating IPD and Parkinson-plus syndromes (PPS).

Nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots: a multifaceted carbon nanomaterial that interferes in an amyloid-forming trajectory.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a versatile class of carbon-based nanomaterial frameworks that have previously been used as a diagnostic device, in sensing for environmental applications, in bioimaging, and for drug delivery systems. Their versatility stems from their ability to be chemically tailored functionalization to optimize properties for specific applications. In this study, we have synthesized lactic acid-derived nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (LAdN-CQDs) and examined their ability to intervene in the conversion of soluble, monomeric hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) into mature fibrils.

Needle Tip Tracking through Photoluminescence for Minimally Invasive Surgery.

Minimally invasive surgery continues to prioritize patient safety by improving imaging techniques and tumor detection methods. In this work, an all-optical alternative to the current image based techniques for in vitro minimally invasive procedures has been explored. The technique uses a highly fluorescent marker for the surgical needle to be tracked inside simulated tissues.

Proteostasis and Its Role in Disease Development.

Proteostasis (protein homeostasis) refers to the general biological process that maintains the proper balance between the synthesis of proteins, their folding, trafficking, and degradation. It ensures proteins are functional, locally distributed, and appropriately folded inside cells. Genetic information enclosed in mRNA is translated into proteins.

Implementation of a novel daily performance improvement checklist (PIC) improves alcohol screening and intervention compliance in trauma.

Introduction: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) has demonstrated up to 50% reduction in alcohol-related traumatic injury and is mandated by the American College of Surgeons for trauma center accreditation. While SBIRT effectiveness has been previously investigated, optimal implementation in the trauma setting has not. We sought to improve SBIRT compliance through integration of screening into a performance improvement checklist (PIC) deployed during morning report.

Densely sampled stimulus-response map of human cortex with single pulse TMS-EEG and its relation to whole brain neuroimaging measures.

Large-scale networks underpin brain functions. How such networks respond to focal stimulation can help decipher complex brain processes and optimize brain stimulation treatments. To map such stimulation-response patterns across the brain non-invasively, we recorded concurrent EEG responses from single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (i.

Tractometry of the Human Connectome Project: resources and insights.

Introduction: The Human Connectome Project (HCP) has become a keystone dataset in human neuroscience, with a plethora of important applications in advancing brain imaging methods and an understanding of the human brain. We focused on tractometry of HCP diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) data.

Methods: We used an open-source software library (pyAFQ; https://yeatmanlab.

Patient Perceptions of Illness Causes and Treatment Preferences for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition with high patient morbidity and mortality. Research shows that eliciting patient explanations about illness causes and treatment preferences promotes cross-cultural work and engagement in health services. These topics are in the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI), a semi-structured interview first published in DSM-5 that applies anthropological approaches within mental health services to promote person-centered care.

Biomedical applications of graphene-based nanomaterials: recent progress, challenges, and prospects in highly sensitive biosensors.

Graphene-based nanomaterials (graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, graphene-based nanocomposites, etc.) are emerging as an extremely important class of nanomaterials primarily because of their unique and advantageous physical, chemical, biological, and optoelectronic aspects. These features have resulted in uses across diverse areas of scientific research.

Firearm Injury, It's Not Just Physical: The Adverse Impact on Patient-Reported Socioeconomic, Mental Health, and Quality-of-Life Outcomes.

The burden of firearm injury (FI) extends beyond hospitalization; however, literature focuses mostly on short-term physical outcomes. This study aimed to assess changes in patient-reported outcomes following firearm-related trauma. We hypothesized long-term patient-reported socioeconomic, mental health, and quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes are worse post-FI compared to pre-FI.

Outbreak of Human Trichinellosis - Arizona, Minnesota, and South Dakota, 2022.

Trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease transmitted through the consumption of meat from animals infected with spp. nematodes. In North America, human trichinellosis is rare and is most commonly acquired through consumption of wild game meat.

Role of Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Is Universal Consultation Required?

Introduction: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion is prevalent among trauma patients, but symptoms vary. Assessing discharge safety is not standardized. At our institution, occupational therapy (OT) performs cognitive assessments for mTBI to determine discharge readiness, potentially increasing resource utilization.

Screening Carbon Nano Materials for Preventing Amyloid Protein Aggregation by Adopting a Facile Method.

The soluble-to-toxic transformation of intrinsically disordered amyloidogenic proteins such as amyloid beta (Aβ), α-synuclein, mutant Huntingtin Protein (mHTT) and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) among others are associated with disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), respectively. The dissolution of mature fibrils and toxic amyloidogenic intermediates, including oligomers, continues to be the pinnacle in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, methods to effectively and quantitatively report on the interconversion between amyloid monomers, oligomers and mature fibrils fall short.