Cardiovascular risk prediction in India: Comparison of the original and recalibrated Framingham prognostic models in urban populations.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in India. The CVD risk approach is a cost-effective way to identify those at high risk, especially in a low resource setting. As there is no validated prognostic model for an Indian urban population, we have re-calibrated the original Framingham model using data from two urban Indian studies.

Improvement in glycaemic parameters using SGLT-2 inhibitor and GLP-1 agonist in combination in an adolescent with diabetes mellitus and Prader-Willi syndrome: a case report.

Objectives Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is characterised by hyperphagia often leading to obesity; a known risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 (T2) diabetes. We present a prepubertal girl with PWS who developed diabetes. Case presentation Our case was diagnosed with PWS in infancy following investigation for profound central hypotonia and feeding difficulties.

Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Thiadiazole Containing Thiourea, Benzothiazole and Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole Scaffolds.

Background: A great array of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings were being extensively explored for their functional versatility in the field of medicine, especially in anticancer research. 1,3,4- thiadiazole is one of such heterocyclic rings with promising anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines, inhibiting diverse biological targets.

Introduction: The 1,3,4-thiadiazole, when equipped with other heterocyclic scaffolds, has displayed enhanced anticancer properties.

Nexus of COVID-19 and diabetes pandemics: Global public health lessons.

Individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes are susceptible to communicable diseases (CDs) as the current COVID-19 pandemic illustrates. The co-occurrence of diabetes as well as other co-morbid conditions with COVID-19 augurs greater risk for severe outcomes and mortality. Hence, NCD and CD pandemics are closely linked and require global efforts to thwart and disrupt their nexus before the next viral outbreaks occurs.

Tailoring lifestyle programmes for diabetes prevention for US South Asians.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and test the feasibility of a culturally tailored Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) for US South Asians, a large population with high diabetes risk.

Design: The South Asian Health and Prevention Education (SHAPE) study included: (1) focus group discussions with South Asian adults to understand views of lifestyle behaviours and diabetes prevention; (2) modification of the US DPP for South Asians and (3) a pilot, pre-post study to test the feasibility and impact of delivering the culturally tailored programme.

Setting: The study was conducted in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

The Co-Occurrence of Overweight and Micronutrient Deficiencies or Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Malawi.

Background: In low-resource settings, urbanization may contribute to the individual-level double burden of malnutrition (DBM), whereby under- and overnutrition co-occur within the same individuals.

Objective: We described DBM prevalence among Malawian women by urban-rural residence, examined whether urban residence was associated with DBM, and assessed whether DBM prevalence was greater than the prevalence expected by chance given population levels of under- and overnutrition, which would suggest DBM is a distinct phenomenon associated with specific factors.

Methods: We analyzed nationally representative data of 723 nonpregnant women aged 15-49 y from the 2015-2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey.

Why are South Asians prone to type 2 diabetes? A hypothesis based on underexplored pathways.

South Asians have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes, even at a lower BMI. This review sets out our perspective and hypothesis on the reasons for this. Emerging data from epidemiological studies indicate that South Asians may have a lower ability to secrete insulin, and thus may have less compensatory reserves when challenged with unhealthy lifestyles.

Associations of Added Sugar from All Sources and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages with Regional Fat Deposition in US Adolescents: NHANES 1999-2006.

Background: The relative distribution of upper- versus lower-body fat may be an important determinant of cardiometabolic disease risk in youths. Dietary components associated with adolescent regional body fat distribution require further investigation.

Objective: To evaluate associations of added sugar intake overall and from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with relative upper-body fat deposition in US adolescents.

Clinical and virological responses to a broad-spectrum human monoclonal antibody in an influenza virus challenge study.

Influenza A infections cause significant seasonal morbidity and mortality as well as periodic pandemic infections. Currently, no approved therapies exist for patients hospitalized with influenza. The efficacy of VIS410, a broadly neutralizing human immunoglobulin IgG1 monoclonal antibody engineered to bind to the stem region of group 1 and 2 influenza A hemagglutinins, was explored in experimental human influenza infection.

Leptin partially mediates the association between early-life nutritional supplementation and long-term glycemic status among women in a Guatemalan longitudinal cohort.

Background: Early-life exposure to improved nutrition is associated with decreased risk of diabetes but increased risk of obesity. Leptin positively correlates with adiposity and has glucose-lowering effects, thus it may mediate the association of early-life nutrition and long-term glycemic status.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the role of leptin in the differential association between early-life nutrition and the risks of obesity and diabetes.

Clinical utility of 30-min plasma glucose for prediction of type 2 diabetes among people with prediabetes: Ancillary analysis of the diabetes community lifestyle improvement program.

Aims: To examine the clinical utility of 30-min plasma glucose (30-min-PG) measurement during an oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) in predicting type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Research Design And Methods: Data from a 3-year, randomized, controlled, primary prevention trial among 548 Asian Indians with prediabetes were analyzed. Participants underwent OGTT with PG measurements at fasting, 30-min, and 2-h at baseline and annually until the end of the study.

Assessment of Self Perception of Competencies among a Group of Dental interns in Pondicherry, India.

Context: The general dentist must not only have a broad biomedical and clinical education but also be able to demonstrate professional and ethical behavior as well as effective communication and interpersonal skills. In addition he or she must have the ability to evaluate and utilize emerging technologies, continuing professional development opportunities, and problem-solving and critical thinking skills to effectively address current and future issues in health care. But the extent to which the core competencies are taught and the students' level of proficiency in these competencies in Indian scenario is to be explored at large.

Potentially Heterogeneous Cross-Sectional Associations of Seafood Consumption with Diabetes and Glycemia in Urban South Asia.

: In this study, we aimed to estimate cross-sectional associations of fish or shellfish consumption with diabetes and glycemia in three South Asian mega-cities. : We analyzed baseline data from 2010-2011 of a cohort ( = 16,287) representing the population ≥20 years old that was neither pregnant nor on bedrest from Karachi (unweighted = 4017), Delhi (unweighted = 5364), and Chennai (unweighted = 6906). Diabetes was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL (7.

Effectiveness of Emergency Department Treatment of Pediatric Headache and Relation to Rebound Headache.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between the degree of headache relief obtained in the pediatric emergency department (PED) with abortive treatment and unscheduled return visits to the PED for a recurrent or persistent headache within 72 hours.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study with 369 patients, all younger than 18 years, who presented to the PED with a primary complaint of either a headache or migraine. Patient and visit details were collected from the medical chart, along with presenting and discharge pain score.

Metagenome sequencing of fingermillet-associated microbial consortia provides insights into structural and functional diversity of endophytes.

Endophytes confer unique ecological advantages to their host plants. In this study, we have characterized the diversity of endophytic consortia associated with the GPU-28 (GPU) and Udurumallige (UM) finger millet varieties, which are resistant and susceptible to the blast disease, respectively. Whole genome metagenome sequencing of GPU and UM helped to identify 1029 species (includes obligate endophytes) of microbiota.

C. elegans pronuclei fuse after fertilization through a novel membrane structure.

After fertilization, parental genomes are enclosed in two separate pronuclei. In Caenorhabditis elegans, and possibly other organisms, when the two pronuclei first meet, the parental genomes are separated by four pronuclear membranes. To understand how these membranes are breached to allow merging of parental genomes we used focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to study the architecture of the pronuclear membranes at nanometer-scale resolution.

Role of non-PTS dependent glucose permease (GlcU) in maintaining the fitness cost during acquisition of nisin resistance by Enterococcus faecalis.

Nisin is used for food preservation due to its antibacterial activity. However, some bacteria survive under the prevailing conditions owing to the acquisition of resistance. This study aimed to characterize nisin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from raw buffalo milk and investigate their fitness cost.

Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Isolated or Combined Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State: A Retrospective, Hospital-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: Many patients with hyperglycemic crises present with combined features of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). The implications of concomitant acidosis and hyperosmolality are not well known. We investigated hospital outcomes in patients with isolated or combined hyperglycemic crises.

Metabolite of the pesticide DDT and incident type 2 diabetes in urban India.

Background: Previous epidemiological studies, largely conducted in high-income countries and cross-sectional, have suggested a relatively strong association between exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), a metabolite of the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and type 2 diabetes. DDT is widely used in India and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes there is increasing, but the association between these factors has not been explored to date.

Objective: The objective was to estimate the association of the p,p' isomer of DDE with incident type 2 diabetes in India.

Trends in Lifestyle Counseling for Adults With and Without Diabetes in the U.S., 2005-2015.

Introduction: Strong evidence shows that lifestyle change and weight loss stimulated by counseling improve glycemic control and lower comorbidities for patients with diabetes, but it is unclear whether diet or physical activity counseling for patients with diabetes in ambulatory settings has actually been responsive to this evidence.

Methods: Data from the 2005-2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys were used to assess trends in provider-reported diet or exercise counseling during ambulatory care visits. The data were pooled and multivariate logistic regression models were built, adjusting for patient-, provider-, and practice-level characteristics to examine whether the provision of counseling varied by these characteristics.

Red-Emitting Delayed Fluorescence and Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Core-Substituted Naphthalene Diimides.

Unprecedented ambient triplet-mediated emission in core-substituted naphthalene diimide (cNDI) derivatives is unveiled via delayed fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence. Carbazole core-substituted cNDIs, with a donor-acceptor design, showed deep-red triplet emission in solution processable films with high quantum yield. This study, with detailed theoretical calculations and time-resolved emission experiments, enables new design insights into the triplet harvesting of cNDIs; an important family of molecules which has been, otherwise, extensively been investigated for its n-type electronic character and tunable singlet fluorescence.

Comparison of Urinary Sodium and Blood Pressure Relationship From the Spot Versus 24-Hour Urine Samples.

Background We compared the relationship between sodium (Na) intake and blood pressure when Na intake was estimated from first- and second-morning spot urine samples using the INTERSALT (International Study on Salt and Blood Pressure) formula, versus directly measured 24-hour samples. Methods and Results We collected 24-hour urine and first- and second-morning voids of 383 participants in coastal Bangladesh for 2 visits. We measured participants' blood pressure using an Omron HEM-907 monitor.