Effect of Biohythane Production from Distillery Spent Wash with Addition of Landfill Leachate and Sewage Wastewater.

Rapid development of the industrial and domestic sectors has led to the rise of several energy and environmental issues. In accordance with sustainable development and waste minimization issues, biohydrogen production along with biomethane production via two-stage fermentation process using microorganisms from renewable sources has received considerable attention. In the present study, biohythane production with simultaneous wastewater treatment was studied in a two-stage (Biohydrogen and Biomethane) fermentation process under anaerobic conditions.

Introgression of Shoot Fly ( L. Moench) Resistance QTLs into Elite Post-rainy Season Sorghum Varieties Using Marker Assisted Backcrossing (MABC).

Shoot fly ( L. Moench) is a serious pest in sorghum production. Management of shoot fly using insecticides is expensive and environmentally un-safe.

Optimization of selective production media for enhanced production of xylanases in submerged fermentation by Thielaviopsis basicola MTCC 1467 using L16 orthogonal array.

Enzymes have been the centre of attention for researchers/industrialists worldwide due to their wide range of physiological, analytical, food/feed and industrial based applications. Among the enzymes explored for industrial applications, xylanases play an instrumental role in food/feed, textile/detergent, paper and biorefinery based application sectors. This study deals with the statistical optimization of xylanase production by Thielaviopsis basicola MTCC 1467 under submerged fermentation conditions using rice straw, as sole carbon source.

Design, synthesis and screening studies of potent thiazol-2-amine derivatives as fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 inhibitors.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) a tyrosine kinase receptor, plays important roles in angiogenesis, embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and wound healing. The FGFR isoforms and their receptors (FGFRs) considered as a potential targets and under intense research to design potential anticancer agents. Fibroblast growth factors (FGF's) and its growth factor receptors (FGFR) plays vital role in one of the critical pathway in monitoring angiogenesis.

A review on PARP1 inhibitors: Pharmacophore modeling, virtual and biological screening studies to identify novel PARP1 inhibitors.

A tremendous research on Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) pertaining to cancer and ischemia is in very rapid progress. PARP's are a specific class of enzymes that repairs the damaged DNA. Recent findings suggest also that PARP-1 is the most abundantly expressed nuclear enzyme which involves in various therapeutic areas like inflammation, stroke, cardiac ischemia, cancer and diabetes.

Cloning, characterization, and expression of a new cry1Ab gene from DOR Bt-1, an indigenous isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis.

A new cry1Ab gene was cloned from the promising local isolate, DOR Bt-1, a Bacillus thuringiensis strain isolated from castor semilooper (Achaea janata L.) cadavers from castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) field.

Prediction of the three-dimensional structure of aflatoxin of Aspergillus flavus by homology modelling.

Aflatoxins are polyketide-derived secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus spp. The toxic effects of aflatoxins have adverse consequences for human health and agricultural economics. The aflR gene, a regulatory gene for aflatoxin biosynthesis, encodes a protein containing a zinc-finger DNA-binding motif.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors.

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play an important role in embryonic development, angiogenesis, wound healing, cell proliferation and differentiation. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) isoforms have been under intense scrutiny for effective anticancer drug candidates. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and its receptor (FGFR) provide another pathway that seems critical to monitoring angiogenesis.

Evaluation of protective effect of Sapindus mukorossi saponin fraction on CCl(4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats.

Aim: This investigation aimed to assess the hepatoprotective effect of saponin fraction isolated from the fruit pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity.

Methods: Fruit of S. mukorossi was collected and authenticated, and dried pericarp powder subjected to extraction with cold ethanol (70%) by maceration followed by isolation of total saponin fraction.

Constitutive and inducible resistance to Atherigona soccata (Diptera: Muscidae) in Sorghum bicolor.

Host plant resistance is one of the important components for minimizing the losses because of sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata (Diptera: Muscidae) attack. Therefore, we studied the constitutive and inducible biochemical mechanisms of resistance to A. soccata in a diverse array of sorghum genotypes to identify lines with diverse mechanisms of resistance to this insect.

Plant expressed coccidial antigens as potential vaccine candidates in protecting chicken against coccidiosis.

Coccidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular parasites belonging to the genus Eimeria. In the present study, we transiently expressed two coccidial antigens EtMIC1 and EtMIC2 as poly histidine-tagged fusion proteins in tobacco. We have evaluated the protective efficacy of plant expressed EtMIC1 as monovalent and as well as bi-valent formulation where EtMIC1 and EtMIC2 were used in combination.

Plant expressed EtMIC2 is an effective immunogen in conferring protection against chicken coccidiosis.

Coccidiosis is an economically important disease affecting poultry industry and remains one of the major problems globally. Developing a cost effective sub-unit vaccine may help mitigate loss in the industry. Here, we report expressing one of the microneme proteins, EtMIC2 from Eimeria tenella in tobacco using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression.

Bioconversion of Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) hemicellulosic hydrolysate into ethanol by mono and co-cultures of Pichia stipitis NCIM3498 and thermotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae-VS₃.

The lignocellulosic biomass is a low-cost renewable resource for eco-benign liquid fuel 'ethanol'. To resolve the hydrolysis of mixed sugars in lignocellulosic substrate Saccharum spontaneum, the microbial co-cultures of Pichia stipitis NCIM 3498 and thermotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae-VS(3) were analyzed for efficient bioconversion of mixed sugars into ethanol. Among the hydrolysis conditions, the acid hydrolysis released maximum sugars along with furans, phenolics and acetic acid.

Bioconversion of novel substrate Saccharum spontaneum, a weedy material, into ethanol by Pichia stipitis NCIM3498.

Rising fuel prices and environmental issues have paved the way for the exploration of cellulosic ethanol. However, challenges involving substrate hydrolysis and cost-effectiveness still limit the efficient bioconversion and utilization of cellulosic ethanol. We aimed to evaluate a cheaper and abundantly available wild sugarcane variety, Saccharum spontaneum, as the raw substrate for bioconversion of ethanol by Pichia stipitis NCIM3498.

Antibacterial activity of Alpinia galanga (L) Willd crude extracts.

Methanol, acetone and diethyl ether extracts of Alpinia galanga have been evaluated against pathogens viz. Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2391, Enterobacter aerogene, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli MTCC 1563, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 6642, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus epidermis using Agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of all the extracts were determined using the macrodilution method.

An efficient method for the production of marker-free transgenic plants of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Recombinant genes conferring resistance to antibiotics or herbicides are widely used as selectable markers in plant transformation for selecting the primary transgenic events. However, these become redundant once the transgenic plants have been developed and identified. Although, there is no evidence that the selectable marker genes are unsafe for consumers and the environment, it would be desirable if the marker genes can be eliminated from the final transgenic events.

Combined pharmacophore and structure-guided studies to identify diverse HSP90 inhibitors.

Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90), an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone, has emerged as a promising target in the treatment of cancer. Inhibition of HSP90 represents a new target of antitumor therapy, since it may influence many specific signaling pathways. Many HSP90 inhibitors bind to the ATP-binding pocket, inhibit chaperone function, resulting in cell death.

Discovery of potential ZAP-70 kinase inhibitors: pharmacophore design, database screening and docking studies.

The best ZAP-70 inhibitor model consists of four-pharmacophore features, (1) one hydrogen bond acceptor, (2) one hydrogen bond donor (3) one hydrophobic aliphatic and (4) one hydrophobic aromatic features. This model was validated against 110 known ZAP-70 inhibitors with a correlation of 0.902 as well as enrichment factor of 1.

Effect of ciprofloxacin and ibuprofen on the in vitro metabolism of rosiglitazone and oral pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone in healthy human volunteers.

The aim of this study was to study the effect of ciprofloxacin (CFX) and ibuprofen (IBF) on the in vitro metabolism of rosiglitazone (RGZ) in human liver microsomes and on the pharmacokinetics of RGZ in healthy human volunteers. A randomized, placebo controlled, 3-way crossover design oral pharmacokinetic study was done in healthy human male volunteers and in vitro metabolism studies were done in human liver microsomes to study the effect of CFX and IBF on RGZ metabolism. Each subject received orally either 8 mg of RGZ with a placebo or co-administration with either 500 mg of CFX or 400 mg of IBF.

Use of Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) as biomaterial for cell immobilization and modulated ethanol production by thermotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae VS3.

Saccharum spontaneum is a wasteland weed consists of 45.10+/-0.35% cellulose and 22.

Development and validation of a HPLC method for simultaneous quantitation of gatifloxacin, sparfloxacin and moxifloxacin using levofloxacin as internal standard in human plasma: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study.

A highly selective, sensitive and accurate HPLC method has been developed and validated for the estimation of three fluoroquinolones (FQs) viz., gatifloxacin (GFC), sparfloxacin (SFC) and moxifloxacin (MFC) with 500 microL human plasma using levofloxacin (LFC) as an internal standard (IS). The sample preparation involved simple liquid-liquid extraction of GFC, SFC, MFC and IS from human plasma with ethyl acetate.

Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method with electrospray ionization for quantitation of doxofylline in human serum: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study.

A highly sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the estimation of doxofylline (DFL) with 300 microL human serum using imipramine as the internal standard (IS). The API-3,000 LC-MS/MS was operated under multiple reaction-monitoring mode using the electrospray ionization technique. The assay procedure involved direct precipitation of DFL and IS from human serum with acetonitrile.

Genotyping of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in infected patients from South India.

Hepatitis C virus shows substantial nucleotide sequence diversity distributed throughout the viral genome. In the present study genotyping for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients was based on RFLP analysis of 5' UTR and using type specific primers of NS5B regions. It was observed that 60% of the patients (30 patients with chronic hepatitis) were infected with variants of genotype 1 and 40% of the patients (4 chronic hepatitis patients, 12 patients with chronic renal failure and 4 cirrhosis) were infected with variants of type 3 of HCV.

RETRACTED: Constitutive intracellular expression and characterization of recombinant streptokinase in pichia pastoris expression system.

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Development of transgenic sorghum for insect resistance against the spotted stem borer (Chilo partellus).

Transgenic sorghum plants expressing a synthetic cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) under the control of a wound-inducible promoter from the maize protease inhibitor gene (mpiC1) were produced via particle bombardment of shoot apices. Plants were regenerated from the transformed shoot apices via direct somatic embryogenesis with an intermittent three-step selection strategy using the herbicide Basta. Molecular characterisation based on polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis revealed multiple insertions of the cry1Ac gene in five plants from three independent transformation events.