Stem Cell Therapy for Diseases of Livestock Animals: An In-Depth Review.

Stem cells are unique, undifferentiated cells that have the ability to both replicate themselves and develop into specialized cell types. This dual capability makes them valuable in the development of regenerative medicine. Current development in stem cell research has widened their application in cell therapy, drug discovery, reproductive cloning in animals, and cell models for various diseases.

Understanding Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19-Type Infections by Direct Numerical Simulations of Cough/Sneeze Flows.

The transmission dynamics of highly contagious respiratory diseases like COVID-19 (through coughing/sneezing) is an open problem in the epidemiological studies of such diseases (Bourouiba, JAMA. https://doi.org/10.

Cytotoxic effects of Aeromonas hydrophila culture supernatant on peripheral blood leukocytes of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Possible presence of a secreted cytotoxic lectin.

Number of exotoxins like haemolysin, leukocidin, aerolysin etc. were reported from Aeromonas hydrophila. In this study, we report the haemolytic and cytotoxic effect of A.

β2-microglobulin is a systemic pro-aging factor that impairs cognitive function and neurogenesis.

Aging drives cognitive and regenerative impairments in the adult brain, increasing susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders in healthy individuals. Experiments using heterochronic parabiosis, in which the circulatory systems of young and old animals are joined, indicate that circulating pro-aging factors in old blood drive aging phenotypes in the brain. Here we identify β2-microglobulin (B2M), a component of major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC I) molecules, as a circulating factor that negatively regulates cognitive and regenerative function in the adult hippocampus in an age-dependent manner.

Free turbulent shear layer in a point vortex gas as a problem in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.

This paper attempts to unravel any relations that may exist between turbulent shear flows and statistical mechanics through a detailed numerical investigation in the simplest case where both can be well defined. The flow considered for the purpose is the two-dimensional (2D) temporal free shear layer with a velocity difference ΔU across it, statistically homogeneous in the streamwise direction (x) and evolving from a plane vortex sheet in the direction normal to it (y) in a periodic-in-x domain L×±∞. Extensive computer simulations of the flow are carried out through appropriate initial-value problems for a "vortex gas" comprising N point vortices of the same strength (γ=LΔU/N) and sign.

Isolated cystic cervical oesophageal duplication: a rare congenital anomaly.

Oesophageal duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. The cystic form is the usual presentation of the duplication, found predominantly in the lower third. Less than 20 cases of isolated cystic oesophageal duplication in the cervical region have been reported till date in the English literature.

Laboratory simulations show diabatic heating drives cumulus-cloud evolution and entrainment.

Clouds are the largest source of uncertainty in climate science, and remain a weak link in modeling tropical circulation. A major challenge is to establish connections between particulate microphysics and macroscale turbulent dynamics in cumulus clouds. Here we address the issue from the latter standpoint.

Development and validation of a RP-HPLC method for stability-indicating assay of gemifloxacin mesylate including identification of related substances by LC-ESI-MS/MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.

A validated stability indicating RP-HPLC assay of gemifloxacin mesylate was developed by separating its related substances on an Inertsil-ODS3V-C18 (4.6 × 250 mm; 5 μm) column using 0.1% trifluoroaceticacid (pH 2.

Ion-abrasion scanning electron microscopy reveals distorted liver mitochondrial morphology in murine methylmalonic acidemia.

Methylmalonic acidemia is a lethal inborn error of metabolism that causes mitochondrial impairment, multi-organ dysfunction and a shortened lifespan. Previous transmission electron microscope studies of thin sections from normal (Mut(+/+)) and diseased (Mut(-/-)) tissue found that the mitochondria appear to occupy a progressively larger volume of mutant cells with age, becoming megamitochondria. To assess changes in shape and volume of mitochondria resulting from the mutation, we carried out ion-abrasion scanning electron microscopy (IA-SEM), a method for 3D imaging that involves the iterative use of a focused gallium ion beam to abrade the surface of the specimen, and a scanning electron beam to image the newly exposed surface.

Evaluation of denoising algorithms for biological electron tomography.

Tomograms of biological specimens derived using transmission electron microscopy can be intrinsically noisy due to the use of low electron doses, the presence of a "missing wedge" in most data collection schemes, and inaccuracies arising during 3D volume reconstruction. Before tomograms can be interpreted reliably, for example, by 3D segmentation, it is essential that the data be suitably denoised using procedures that can be individually optimized for specific data sets. Here, we implement a systematic procedure to compare various nonlinear denoising techniques on tomograms recorded at room temperature and at cryogenic temperatures, and establish quantitative criteria to select a denoising approach that is most relevant for a given tomogram.

Turbulent flux events in a nearly neutral atmospheric boundary layer.

We propose here a novel method of analysing turbulent momentum flux signals. The data for the analysis come from a nearly neutral atmospheric boundary layer and are taken at a height of 4m above ground corresponding to 1.1 x 10(5) wall units, within the log layer for the mean velocity.

Liquid chromatographic separation and determination of aromatic sulfonates in an aquatic environment using a photodiode array and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer as detectors.

A simple and rapid method involving high-performance liquid chromatographic separation, followed by photodiode array (PDA) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) detection of aromatic sulfonates in waste-water effluents of industrial units producing optical whitening agents, has been developed. The separation was achieved on a reversed-phase Hypersil C18 column using gradient elution of a mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M ammonium formate-methanol with decreasing concentration of the buffer at room temperature.

A metaphysics of living systems: the Yōga-Vāsistha view.

The Yōga-Vāsistha is a rich and complex philosophical 'poem' (kāvya) of epic length, written in classical Sanskrit by an unknown author some time between the 6th and 13th centuries CE, probably around the 7th century. It is notable for its eloquent praise of self-effort and enquiry or analysis, and for its severe disparagement of the notion of fate. It views consciousness as (a) characterizing all living forms (including plant and insect life), (b) being atomic, and (c) analogous to the emergence of waves and whirlpools in water; it therefore grapples with what today would be called the problems of reductionism and emergentism.