SLAMF7 defines subsets of human effector CD8 T cells.

Long-term control of viral replication relies on the efficient differentiation of memory T cells into effector T cells during secondary immune responses. Recent findings have identified T cell precursors for both memory and exhausted T cells, suggesting the existence of progenitor-like effector T cells. These cells can persist without antigenic challenge but expand and acquire effector functions upon recall immune responses.

Clausius' theorem and the second law in the process of isoenergetic thermalization.

Isoenergetic thermalization amongst n bodies is a well-known irreversible process, bringing the bodies to a common temperature T_{F} and leading to a rise in the total entropy of the bodies. We express this change in entropy using the Clausius formula over a reversible path connecting T_{F} with T_{f}, which corresponds to the entropy-preserving temperature of the initial nonequilibrium state. Under the assumption of positive heat capacities of the bodies, the second law inequality simply follows from the fact that T_{F}>T_{f}.

Predictive accuracy of fecal calprotectin for histologic remission in ulcerative colitis.

Background/aims: Accurate assessment of disease activity is crucial for effective management and treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). This study evaluated the correlation between clinical, endoscopic, and histologic measures of disease activity in UC.

Methods: Clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, and histologic disease activity was studied in 347 patients with UC.

Comparative Study of Ki-67 Labeling Index Quantification by Eye-rolling, Manual Count, and Digital Image Analysis; An Approach with Caution.

Background And Objective: An accurate Ki-67 labeling index assessment is critical for managing a few tumors, like breast carcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors. We aimed to determine the degree of agreement between digital image analysis (DIA) and eye-rolling assessment (EE) and DIA and manual count (MC) for Ki-67 LI scoring.

Methods: A total of 120 cases (both tru-cut biopsies and resected specimens) were selected during the study period from the institutional database, wherein the Ki-67 labeling index was performed.

Liposarcoma of tongue: A case report.

Liposarcoma (LS) is one of the most common malignant tumors. However, oral LS is an extremely rare lesion that is often clinically misdiagnosed as a benign lesion because of its asymptomatic and indolent clinical course. In oral cavity, the tongue is the most frequent site for its occurrence.

Reduced expression of Ankyrin-G and E-cadherin in duodenal mucosal biopsy of subjects with celiac disease.

Confirmatory diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) include histopathology of duodenal biopsy and tissue trans-glutaminase-IgA. Identification of tissue-specific histological markers is warranted to improve the diagnosis. A genetic study in CD identified the association of ankyrin-G that connects E-cadherin with β2-spectrin in epithelial cells of the duodenal tissue.

Deterministic reprogramming of neutrophils within tumors.

Neutrophils are increasingly recognized as key players in the tumor immune response and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Despite recent advances characterizing the diversity of neutrophil states in cancer, common trajectories and mechanisms governing the ontogeny and relationship between these neutrophil states remain undefined. Here, we demonstrate that immature and mature neutrophils that enter tumors undergo irreversible epigenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic modifications to converge into a distinct, terminally differentiated dcTRAIL-R1 state.

Knowledge, attitude and awareness among diabetic vs. non-diabetic patients about the association between diabetes and oral health.

Background: Global prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing with an estimate to affect 593 million worldwide by 2035. Current evidence clearly states an association between oral diseases and diabetes mellitus with manifestations like periodontitis, peri-implantitis, xerostomia, etc. Despite this obvious link, knowledge, awareness and attitude of general population towards this are not fully understood.

A duodenal mucosa transcriptome study identified reduced expression of a novel gene CDH18 in celiac disease.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) a complex immune disease that affects duodenal mucosa. Identification of tissue specific biomarkers is expected to improve the existing biopsy based CD diagnosis.

Aims: To investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in duodenal mucosa tissue to identify clinically relevant gene expression pattern in CD.

Augmented reality filters for iris positioning in orbital prosthesis: A clinical report.

Mid-facial defects involving the eye can result in severe emotional and psychological trauma for the affected individual, apart from the loss of vision. Prosthetic rehabilitation with an orbital prosthesis can camouflage such defects when surgical treatments are limited. The fabrication of an orbital prosthesis requires precise positioning of the iris for an optimal esthetic outcome.

Secondary amyloidosis with concomitant gastric GIST and gastric adenocarcinoma - A case report.

Secondary amyloidosis is a well-established entity and has been described in association with chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, etc., It has also been reported in association with neoplasms such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, renal cell carcinoma, lung carcinoma, etc. However, only a few case reports documenting the association of amyloidosis with gastrointestinal tumor (GIST) and gastric adenocarcinoma are available in the literature.

Prevalence and spectrum of haemoglobinopathies in females of reproductive age group- A first tertiary care center experience in Punjab, North India.

Background: Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies are a group of inherited conditions characterized by abnormalities in the synthesis or structure of hemoglobin (Hb). According to estimates, approximately 7% of the world population is a carrier of Hb disorders, leading to high morbidity and mortality. To reduce the burden of these highly prevalent monogenic disorders, detecting them in the carrier stage is crucial to prevent disease progression.

Coccidioidal Pulmonary Cavitation: A New Age.

species are thermally dimorphic fungi found in geographically defined areas of the Western Hemisphere. The primary portal of entry is respiratory, with symptomatic pneumonic diseases as the most common presentation. Subsequent pulmonary complications as well as extrapulmonary metastatic infection may occur, either of which may be the presenting disease manifestation.

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as cholestatic jaundice: An unusual presentation of a rare disease.

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare primary hepatic tumor that usually occurs in youth. The common presenting features are vague abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and weight loss. We present a case report of a young male who presented with cholestatic jaundice and on evaluation was diagnosed to have fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.

A literacy-related color-specific deficit in rapid automatized naming: Evidence from neurotypical completely illiterate and literate adults.

There is a robust positive relationship between reading skills and the time to name aloud an array of letters, digits, objects, or colors as quickly as possible. A convincing and complete explanation for the direction and locus of this association remains, however, elusive. In this study, we investigated rapid automatized naming (RAN) of everyday objects and basic color patches in neurotypical illiterate and literate adults.

Distinctive Attributes of Indian Patients With Classical BCR::ABL1 Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Unified Clinical and Laboratory Data.

Introduction: We report one of the largest single center data from a mixed referral setting in India describing baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with classical BCR::ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs).

Materials And Methods: Patients diagnosed from June 2019 to 2022 were included. Workup and treatment was as per current guidelines.

Network analysis of large-scale ImmGen and Tabula Muris datasets highlights metabolic diversity of tissue mononuclear phagocytes.

The diversity of mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subpopulations across tissues is one of the key physiological characteristics of the immune system. Here, we focus on understanding the metabolic variability of MNPs through metabolic network analysis applied to three large-scale transcriptional datasets: we introduce (1) an ImmGen MNP open-source dataset of 337 samples across 26 tissues; (2) a myeloid subset of ImmGen Phase I dataset (202 MNP samples); and (3) a myeloid mouse single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset (51,364 cells) assembled based on Tabula Muris Senis. To analyze such large-scale datasets, we develop a network-based computational approach, genes and metabolites (GAM) clustering, for unbiased identification of the key metabolic subnetworks based on transcriptional profiles.