Diabetes and Anaemia: A Myth or Reality.

Introduction: Chronic diabetes develops when the pancreas does not release enough insulin or the body cannot use it. Anemia is a disorder characterized by reduced hemoglobin or red blood cells. The body needs hemoglobin to transport oxygen.

Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy of Herbal, Chlorhexidine, and Normal Saline Mouthwash in the Management of Chronic Gingivitis.

Background: The incidence of chronic gingivitis, a widespread inflammatory condition of the gums, is considerable across the demographic spectrum, with potential progression to advanced periodontal pathology in the absence of intervention. The objective of this investigation was to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical effectiveness of various oral rinses in mitigating the symptoms of chronic gingivitis.

Methods: This empirical study was conducted within the confines of the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology.

Managing open loop water resource value chain through IoT focused decision and information integration (DII) modelling using fuzzy MCDM approach.

Water is a limited and invaluable resource that is essential for human survival. Negligence and unregulated water use have brought about a global water crisis. Proper management with a relevant decision and information integration approach can aid water to continue as a renewable resource.

Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in tuberculous meningitis: A prospective study from a tertiary care center in North India.

Introduction: The status of vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains far from clear. We prospectively evaluated the role of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) VEGF in TBM.

Patients And Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in North India from January 2018 to June 2019.

Rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis in bovine cytological smears and tissue sections by peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in-situ hybridization.

Background: Bovine tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in cattle and other species worldwide. Quick and precise identification of mycobacteria is critical to control the occurrence of tuberculosis in cattle.

Methods: We developed a fluorescent peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) approach to detect Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium in cytological smears and tissue sections of bovines suspected of having tuberculosis.

Detection of the complex in dogs with lymphadenitis.

Background: complex (MAC) is connected to human immunosuppressive diseases, including HIV-AIDS, and may pose a zoonotic threat. MAC causes lymphadenopathy in children, respiratory infection in adults, and generalized infection in immunocompromised individuals. Infection with nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) in humans is now primarily brought on by MAC.

Comparative evaluation of various diagnostic techniques for detection of infection from the faecal samples of diarrhoeic bovine calves.

Background: , an opportunistic, zoonotic, apicomplexan parasite, is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in neonatal bovine calves around the globe. Bovine calves act as a major source of infection by excreting huge numbers of highly resistant oocysts in faeces, which can survive for a long time in extreme environmental conditions. As low as ten oocysts can cause disease and mortality, leading to the requirement of an early and accurate diagnosis for proper and favorable prognosis, management, and control.

A fluorescence polarization assay using recombinant protein for the detection of antibodies against pathogenic in bovine.

Background: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a major bacterial disease that causes significant economic disruption across the globe.

Aims: Our study was based on using a fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) that used fluorescein-labeled ESAT-6 protein to detect antibodies in bovine serum.

Methods: The ESAT-6 protein was used in a FPA.

An intrinsically disordered transcription activation domain increases the DNA binding affinity and reduces the specificity of NFκB p50/RelA.

Many transcription factors contain intrinsically disordered transcription activation domains (TADs), which mediate interactions with coactivators to activate transcription. Historically, DNA-binding domains and TADs have been considered as modular units, but recent studies have shown that TADs can influence DNA binding. Whether these results can be generalized to more TADs is not clear.

Protein Footprinting, Conformational Dynamics, and Core Interface-Adjacent Neutralization "Hotspots" in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain/Human ACE2 Interaction.

The novel severe respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 in humans and is responsible for one of the most destructive pandemics of the last century. At the root of SARS-CoV infection is the interaction between the viral spike protein and the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 protein, which allows the virus to gain entry into host cells through endocytosis. In this work, we apply hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to provide a detailed view of the functional footprint and conformational dynamics associated with this interaction.

Evaluation of maternal plasma platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase activity and mRNA expression in pre-eclampsia: a case control study.

Preeclampsia (PE) remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality all over the world. However, its aetiology and pathophysiology remain elusive. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is produced in response to oxidative stress and is a potent hypotensive agent.

Xpert MTB/RIF ultra for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: A diagnostic accuracy study from India.

Setting: Studies evaluating Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay (Xpert Ultra) for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are scarce and have reported contrasting results in comparison to Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert).

Objective: To evaluate the performance of Xpert Ultra in diagnosing TBM and compare it with Xpert and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR).

Design: Xpert Ultra was performed on 244 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples: 56 definite TBM, 148 probable TBM and 40 non-TBM controls.

Detection of non-tuberculous mycobacterial species using PCR-RFLP analysis in trans-tracheal washes in cattle and buffaloes with respiratory distress.

Background: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic disease of cattle with high economic importance in livestock farming caused by and bears a zoonotic potential. There are some non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) which cause disease similar to bTB and interfere with diagnosis of bTB. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are saprophytic in nature but some of them may cause pulmonary infections, mastitis, lesions in respiratory tract and lymph nodes of cattle, due to which they are being recognized worldwide and interfere with the diagnosis of bTB.

HDX-MS: An Analytical Tool to Capture Protein Motion in Action.

Virtually all protein functions in the cell, including pathogenic processes, require coordinated motion of atoms or domains, i.e., conformational dynamics.

Discovery and characterisation of a new leaf rust resistance gene introgressed in wheat from wild wheat Aegilops peregrina.

Wild wheat species Aegilops peregrina (UUSS), harbours resistance to various diseases including leaf rust and stripe rust. Inheritance studies in a recombinant inbred line population of wheat-Ae. peregrina introgression line IL pau16061 revealed the transfer of a single major dominant gene conditioning all stage resistance, herein temporarily designated as LrAp.

Comparison of multiplex and ordinary PCR for diagnosis of paratuberculosis and tuberculosis in blood samples (buffy coat) of cattle and buffaloes.

Background: Paratuberculosis and tuberculosis (TB) caused by (MAP) and complex (MTC), respectively are economically important, chronic debilitating diseases affecting the dairy herds and are also potential zoonotic threats.

Aims: Differential diagnosis of paratuberculosis and TB in blood samples of cattle and buffaloes.

Methods: In this study, an in-house developed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting MAP, and was used in blood samples (buffy coat) parallel with IS PCR and B PCR for diagnosis of paratuberculosis and TB, respectively; in a total of 202 cattle and buffaloes.

Evaluation of adenosine deaminase activity in serum of cattle and buffaloes in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.

Background And Aim: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic bacterial disease of cattle caused by . bTB causes severe economic losses resulting from livestock deaths, chronic disease, and trade restrictions. Determination of serum levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme produced by monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes, has been used in the diagnosis of human TB.

18FDG-PET is sensitive tool for detection of extracranial tuberculous foci in central nervous system tuberculosis - Preliminary observations from a tertiary care center in northern India.

Purpose: To study the role of 18FDG- PET (Flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) in a) determining the extent of cranial and extra-cranial disease and b) diagnosis as well as prognosis of CNS TB (central nervous system tuberculosis) including TBM (tuberculous meningitis).

Patients And Methods: This prospective observational study (n = 70) was carried out at a tertiary care institute in Northern India from 1.1.

Fine mapping of Aegilops peregrina co-segregating leaf and stripe rust resistance genes to distal-most end of 5DS.

Novel rust resistance genes LrP and YrP from Ae. peregrina identified on chromosome 5D and the linked markers will aid deployment of these genes in combination with other major/minor genes. Aegilops peregrina, a wild tetraploid relative of wheat with genome constitution UUSS, displays genetic variation for resistance to leaf and stripe (yellow) rust.

Prediction of the presence of a seventh ankyrin repeat in IκBε from homology modeling combined with hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS).

The ankyrin repeat (AR) structure is a common protein-protein interaction motif and ankyrin repeat proteins comprise a vast family across a large array of different taxa. Natural AR proteins adopt a conserved fold comprised of several repeats with the N- and C-terminal repeats generally being of more divergent sequences. Obtaining experimental crystal structures for natural ankyrin repeat domains (ARD) can be difficult and often requires complexation with a binding partner.

Serological Evidence for Influenza A Virus Exposure in Wild Birds in Trinidad & Tobago.

Migratory waterfowl and shorebirds are known to be important reservoirs for influenza A viruses (IAV) and they have been repeatedly implicated as causing avian influenza virus (AIV) outbreaks in domestic poultry flocks worldwide. In recent years, wild birds have been implicated in spreading zoonotic H5 influenza viruses to many countries, which has generated high levels of public health concern. Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) is positioned along the wintering route of migratory birds from the Americas; every year, many species of wild birds stopover on the islands of T&T, potentially carrying AIVs and exposing local populations of wild and domestic birds, including commercial poultry, to infection.

ISMap element targeted nested polymerase chain in the detection of subsp. in fecal samples of cattle and buffaloes.

Background And Aim: Johne's disease is chronic granulomatous enteritis which affects ruminants. There are many diagnostic approaches for the detection of subsp. (MAP) of which molecular detection methods using various elements are less time consuming and more accurate.

RelA-Containing NFκB Dimers Have Strikingly Different DNA-Binding Cavities in the Absence of DNA.

The main nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor family members RelA-p50 heterodimer and RelA homodimer have different biological functions and show different transcriptional activation profiles. To investigate whether the two family members adopt a similar conformation in their free states, we performed hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, and stopped-flow binding kinetics experiments. Surprisingly, the N-terminal DNA-binding domains adopt an open conformation in RelA-p50 but a closed conformation in RelA homodimer.

Diagnosis of Mycobacterial infections (Tuberculosis and Paratuberculosis) in tissue samples using molecular (inhouse multiplex PCR, PCR and TaqMan real-time PCR), histopathology and immunohistochemical techniques.

An in-house multiplex PCR designed for differential detection of M. bovis, M. avium paratuberculosis (MAP) and M.