Integrating skeletal anchorage into fixed and aligner biomechanics.

Routine alignment with fixed appliances and aligners is indeterminate mechanics because equilibrium equations are only applicable to two abutments: teeth, segments, or arches. Orthodontists must depend on compliance and resilience of materials (archwires and aligners) for initial alignment. However, stabilized segments and arches are "large multirooted teeth" that can be moved with determinate mechanics using temporary skeletal anchorage devices.

Incisor inclination determined by the light reflection zone on the tooth's surface.

Objective: Maxillary incisors are the most prominent teeth, and their inclination plays an important role in esthetics. In orthodontics, the inclination of central incisors is usually determined by cephalometric analysis. This publication suggests an adjunctive clinical measure to determine this inclination.

Root resorption following treatment with aligners.

Can orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) be the result of Invisalign treatment? Since OIIRR was first described in the literature, orthodontists have been looking for a treatment procedure where no root shortening will occur. In the past decade, Invisalign orthodontic treatment has become very popular, and there is no description of OIIRR after this treatment. Therefore, it might be incorrectly concluded that the body is immune to this type of orthodontic treatment modality and no OIIRR appears as a result of this treatment.