Biofilm-forming antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic : A one health challenge in Northeast India.

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), Enteropathogenic (EPEC), and Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) in common food animals (cattle, goats, and pigs) reared by tribal communities and smallholder farmers in Northeast India. The isolates were characterized for the presence of virulence genes, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm production, and the results were statistically interpreted. In pathotyping 141  isolates, 10 (7.