Source apportionment of PM in Thailand's deep south by principal component analysis and impact of transboundary haze.

Atmospheric particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micron (PM) was evaluated at four sites in the lower southern part of Thailand during 2019-2020 to understand the impact of PM transport from peatland fires in Indonesia on air quality during the southwest monsoon season. Mass concentration and chemical bound-PM, including carbon composition, e.

Fine and ultrafine particle- and gas-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons affecting southern Thailand air quality during transboundary haze and potential health effects.

Distribution of PM, PM and PM particle- and gas-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the 2019 normal, partial and strong haze periods at a background location in southern Thailand were investigated to understand the behaviors and carcinogenic risks. PM was the predominant component, during partial and strong haze periods, accounting for 45.1% and 52.