A randomized controlled trial of a bidirectional cultural adaptation of cognitive behavior therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders.

Background: Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) programs with ethnic and cultural sensitivity are scarce. This study was the first randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders using bidirectional cultural adaptation.

Methods: The Japanese Anxiety Children/Adolescents Cognitive Behavior Therapy program (JACA-CBT) was developed based on existing evidence-based CBT for anxious youth and optimized through feedback from clinicians in the indigenous cultural group.

Cognitive behavioural therapy for Japanese children and adolescents with anxiety disorders: a pilot study.

Background: Thirty-three Japanese children and adolescents diagnosed with an anxiety disorder participated in individual or group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) that was modelled after evidence-based intervention programs developed in Western countries.

Method: The treatment consisted of: (a) building rapport and education; (b) identifying emotions and recognizing cognitive self-talk; (c) challenging anxious self-talk; (d) developing an anxiety hierarchy and in vivo exposures; and (e) planning for future challenges.

Results: Three months following treatment, 20 of the 33 children and adolescents (60.

Habituation in prepulse inhibition is affected by a polymorphism on the NMDA receptor 2B subunit gene (GRIN2B).

Objectives: To identify the reliable connectivity between causal genes or variants with an abnormality expressed in a certain endophenotype has been viewed as a crucial step in unraveling the etiology of schizophrenia because of the considerable heterogeneity in this disorder.

Methods: According to this practical and scientific demand, we aimed to investigate the relationship between seven top-ranked variants in the SZgene database [120-bpTR in DRD4, rs1801028 and rs6277 in DRD2, rs1019385 (T200G) in GRIN2B, rs1800532 in TPH1, rs1801133 (C677T) in MTHFR, rs2619528 (P1765) in DTNBP1] and prepulse inhibition (PPI) and habituation after acoustic stimulus (HAB).

Results: Both PPI and HAB were decreased significantly in patients with schizophrenia.

Frontal activity during the digit symbol substitution test determined by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy.

Background: The digit symbol substitution test (DSST) is a clinically useful and widely accepted tool for the detection of various psychiatric disorders. Investigating neural activity during the DSST is useful when considering the relationship between the poor performance on the DSST and neurocognitive deficits. However, obtaining reliable functional imaging of the neural mechanisms associated with this test is challenging due to motion artifacts.

Memory dysfunction in caudate infarction caused by Heubner's recurring artery occlusion.

We report five cases with caudate infarction due to Heubner's recurring artery occlusion, in which we conducted detailed memory examinations in terms of explicit memory and implicit memory. We performed the auditory verbal learning test as explicit memory tasks, and motor and cognitive procedural memory tasks, developed by Komori, as implicit memory tasks. Comparing normal control subjects with patients with left caudate infarction due to Heubner's recurring artery occlusion demonstrated lower scores on both declarative and motor procedural memory tasks.

Word familiarity influences word-stem completion in amnesic patients.

The effect of familiarity to word-stem completion priming in amnesic patients was studied. A smaller priming effect of low familiarity of words in amnesic patients indicated that the process of lexical access may be involved in word-stem completion in amnesic patients.

Monozygotic twin cases of the agenesis of the corpus callosum with schizophrenic disorder.

We report the identical monozygotic twin cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum that demonstrated schizophrenic disorder. Patients were 26-year-old twin brothers and both cases were diagnosed as having schizophrenia using DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria. On magnetic resonance imagings both cases demonstrated the total agenesis of the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure was hypertrophic.