Three-dimensional imaging of upper tract urothelial carcinoma improves diagnostic yield and accuracy.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare form of urothelial cancer with a high incidence of recurrence and a low survival rate. Almost two-thirds of UTUCs are invasive at the time of diagnosis; therefore, improving diagnostic methods is key to increasing survival rates. Histopathological analysis of UTUC is essential for diagnosis and typically requires endoscopy biopsy, tissue sectioning, and labeling.

Hybridisation chain reaction-based visualisation and screening for lncRNA profiles in clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma.

Background: Analysis of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) localisation at both the tissue and subcellular levels can provide important insights into the cell types that are important for their function.

Methods: By applying new fluorescent in situ hybridisation technique called hybridisation chain reaction (HCR), we achieved a high-throughput lncRNA visualisation and evaluation of clinical samples.

Results: Assessing 1728 pairs of 16 lncRNAs and clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (ccRCC) specimens, three lncRNAs (TUG1, HOTAIR and CDKN2B-AS1) were associated with ccRCC prognosis.

Urinary pH is an independent predictor of upper tract recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients with a smoking history.

Limited information is currently available on predictors of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients according to smoking history, although smoking probably contributes to urothelial carcinogenesis. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify independent predictors of UTUC recurrence in all patients and those with a smoking history. Our study population comprised 1190 NMIBC patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor.

Profiling the inhibitory receptors LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT in renal cell carcinoma reveals malignancy.

A cutting edge therapy for future immuno-oncology is targeting a new series of inhibitory receptors (IRs): LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT. Both immunogenomic analyses and diagnostic platforms to distinguish candidates and predict good responders to these IR-related agents are vital in clinical pathology. By applying an automated single-cell count for immunolabelled LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT, we reveal that individual IR levels with exclusive domination in each tumour can serve as valid biomarkers for profiling human renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Negative impact of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy on detecting biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Background: Routine use of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) before radical prostatectomy (RP) is not recommended, but it is sometimes performed to reduce the prostate size and tumor volume or to prevent tumor progression during the wait times for surgery in clinical practice. On the other hand, the impact of NHT on the pattern of biochemical recurrence (BCR) is unknown.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 1749 consecutive patients who underwent RP between 1996 and 2017.

Long-term follow-up comparing salvage radiation therapy and androgen-deprivation therapy for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Background: The salvage treatments for biochemical recurrence (BCR) include local external beam radiation therapy (RT) and systemic androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT).

Methods: We reviewed patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and developed BCR at three institutions. After excluding patients whose nadir prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was higher than 0.

Three-dimensional single-cell imaging for the analysis of RNA and protein expression in intact tumour biopsies.

Microscopy analysis of tumour samples is commonly performed on fixed, thinly sectioned and protein-labelled tissues. However, these examinations do not reveal the intricate three-dimensional structures of tumours, nor enable the detection of aberrant transcripts. Here, we report a method, which we name DIIFCO (for diagnosing in situ immunofluorescence-labelled cleared oncosamples), for the multimodal volumetric imaging of RNAs and proteins in intact tumour volumes and organoids.

Umbilical closure using 2-octyl cyanoacrylate in transumbilical laparoscopic adrenalectomy: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To evaluate postoperative pain and esthetic outcomes in patients undergoing transumbilical laparoscopic adrenalectomy with wound closure using 2-octyl cyanoacrylate.

Methods: A total of 26 patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy with the transumbilical approach and agreed to participate in this study were included. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the 2-octyl cyanoacrylate group (Glue group) or the non-use group (non-Glue group).

Type of patients in whom biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy can be observed without salvage therapy.

Purpose: To examine the prognosis after BCR with and without salvage therapy, including radiation and/or androgen deprivation.

Methods: The study population consisted of 431 patients, all of whom underwent radical prostatectomy and developed BCR (PSA > 0.2 ng/mL).

TNFAIP2 expression induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and confers platinum resistance in urothelial cancer cells.

Cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy is the gold standard treatment for many types of cancer. However, the phenotypic hallmark of tumors often changes after CDDP treatment, with the acquisition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and platinum resistance. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which cancer cells acquire EMT under the control of CDDP remain unclear.

The clinical implication of gamma globulin levels in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: The production of antibody, also referred immunoglobulin, is the principal functions of B cells. Gamma globulin fraction determined by serum protein electrophoresis is composed almost entirely of immunoglobulin. This study aimed to investigate the association between gamma globulin level and oncological outcomes in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Arising from the Bladder Wall.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently described inflammatory disease with multiorgan involvement. Although there were reports of IgG4-related kidney disease or prostatitis, this disease rarely presents in the bladder. In this report, we describe a case of IgG4-RD arising from bladder wall.

Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals the platinum resistance gene COX7B and the surrogate marker CD63.

Cancers acquire resistance to systemic treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy (eg, cisplatin [CDDP]) as a result of a dynamic intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) and clonal repopulation. However, little is known about the influence of chemotherapy on ITH at the single-cell level. Here, mapping the transcriptome of cancers treated with CDDP by scRNA-seq, we uncovered a novel gene, COX7B, associated with platinum-resistance, and surrogate marker, CD63.

Selection of patients who would not require long-term prostate-specific antigen monitoring after low-dose-rate brachytherapy.

Purpose: To identify patients at extremely low risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer after low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) to determine when prostate-specific antigen (PSA) monitoring can be stopped.

Methods And Materials: We retrospectively reviewed clinicopathologic data of patients with prostate cancer who underwent LDR-BT between 2003 and 2011. Of 1569 patients reviewed, 689 (43.

Establishment of the optimal follow-up schedule after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: Monitoring the serum level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is indispensable for surveillance after radical therapy, and the aim of this study was to establish the optimal follow-up schedule.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological data of 1,010 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. After excluding patients who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy and those without a nadir PSA level<0.

Clinical Role of Programmed Cell Death-1 Expression in Patients with Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Recurring After Initial Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy.

Background: The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathway has been suggested to play an important role in tumor immune escape. We evaluated changes in PD-1 expression before and after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy and its prognostic significance in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients.

Methods: We examined 78 paired tissue samples of NMIBC in tumors just before BCG therapy and BCG-relapsing tumors, defined as recurrence after achieving disease-free status by initial BCG instillations for 6 months.

Incidence and timing of inadvertent nephrostomy catheter displacement in patients with ureteral obstruction .

Introduction: To evaluate nephrostomy catheter displacement, we assessed the cumulative nephrostomy catheter displacement rate in patients with percutaneous nephrostomy and compared the nephrostomy displacement rates between pigtail and balloon catheters.

Materials And Methods: Between 2003 and 2011, 87 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy catheter placement and more than one subsequent catheter replacement were retrospectively identified. We evaluated their inadvertent nephrostomy catheter displacement.

Does switching the bacillus Calmette-Guérin strain affect clinical outcome in patients with recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after initial bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy?

Purpose: It is still unknown whether switching the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strain at the second induction course of BCG therapy has a therapeutic benefit in patients with tumor recurrence after the initial BCG therapy (BCG-relapsing tumor).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological features of 97 patients treated with a second induction course of BCG therapy between 1986 and 2014. Among the patients initially treated with BCG Tokyo-172, the second course was either BCG Tokyo-172 in 56 (57.

Prognostic Value of Pretreatment Albumin-to-Globulin Ratio in Patients With Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) and oncologic outcomes in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Patients And Methods: We identified 364 patients with primary NMIBC who underwent transurethral surgery between 2000 and 2015. The association between pretreatment AGR and clinicopathologic variables, including oncologic outcomes, was statistically evaluated.

Purified Protein Derivative Skin test prior to bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy May have Therapeutic Impact in Patients with Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Purpose: We investigated the clinical impact of the purified protein derivative skin test prior to bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer treated with adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy.

Materials And Methods: A total of 498 patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer treated with adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Guérin were included in study, of whom 320 underwent the purified protein derivative skin test 1 to 2 weeks prior to therapy. Oncologic outcomes and the rate of bacillus Calmette-Guérin related side effects were statistically evaluated.

Pre-operative and post-operative estimated glomerular filtration rate in Japanese patients with urological malignancies.

Background: The suitable methods evaluating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) have not been established in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy (RN) or radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) due to urological malignancies in Japan as well as worldwide.

Methods: We examined the relationship between creatinine clearance-based measured GFR (mGFR) versus estimated GFR (eGFR) calculated by 3 popular equations, 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation adjusted by Japanese correction coefficient (cmMDRD), 3-variable MDRD equation for Japanese population (eGFRcreat), and Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration equation adjusted by Japanese correction coefficient (cmCKD-EPI) in Japanese patients who had undergone RN or RNU due to renal cell carcinoma or upper tract urothelial carcinoma before and after surgery.

Results: Among the 3 equations examined, eGFRcreat was the closest to mGFR, although each eGFR was significantly higher than mGFR in the pre-operative period.

Purified protein derivative skin test reactions are associated with clinical outcomes of patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer treated with induction bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test reactions before bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy and the clinical outcomes of BCG-naïve nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer patients treated with adjuvant BCG therapy.

Materials And Methods: A total of 288 nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer patients subjected to the PPD skin test before BCG therapy were included. PPD skin test reactions were categorized into 3 groups: positive, slightly positive, and negative.